论美国关于死后人工生殖的法律规制

随着现代生殖医学技术的发展,死后人工生殖已成为现实。在死后人工生殖的法律规制方面,美国走在了世界前列。死后人工生殖的前提是死后配子的支配问题,对此,生前取精和死后取精各有不同。死后人工生殖主要涉及家庭法、继承法、保险法等方面的法律问题,美国法院对这些问题的处理各有不同。我国应当借鉴美国的经验,有条件地许可死后人工生殖,并在相应的立法文件中有所体现。     

高等教育经济效益刍议

知识经济时代,高等教育在社会经济活动中的作用愈来愈重要,高等教育的经济效益也日渐凸显。本文从教育经济学的角度阐述了高等教育经济效益的特点、影响因素及高校改革对提高办学效益的促进作用。     

信托受益权法律问题论析

信托受益权是一种特殊的民事权利。受益权自信托生效之日或文件的规定而生效。实践中,“生效之日”还应区分具体情况根据有关规定来确定。对受益权的放弃,即便在信托行为中有关于禁止放弃受益权的规定,这一规定也属无效,信托受益人自始至终都享有该权利。信托受益权原则上可依法自由转让和继承,但是要注意受信托文件中限制性规定及相关规定。     

Behavioral Heterogeneity in Adolescent Friendship Networks

Criminologists’ understanding of peer influences has been greatly advanced by social network methods; however, relatively scant attention has been paid to improving measurement. In particular, research has continued to measure peer influence by averaging the level of delinquency within a peer network, thereby neglecting the role of behavioral heterogeneity. The present study seeks to advance theory and research into peer influences on delinquency by explicitly modeling behavioral heterogeneity in peer networks measured as the variance. Drawing on social learning and opportunity theories, we argue that behavioral heterogeneity should attenuate the effect of average peer delinquency on individual offending. Models using social network data from the Add Health were estimated predicting involvement in two delinquent substance-use acts (cigarette smoking and getting drunk) as a function of peer influences. The results are consistent with our hypothesis, indicating that behavioral heterogeneity matters. Findings suggest that future research employing network models could incorporate peer behavioral heterogeneity to get a more accurate portrait of the processes of peer influence.     

Regulatory policy outputs and impacts: Exploring a complex relationship

In this article, we pursue the objective of empirically testing the extent to which changes in environmental policy outputs can explain changes in environmental impacts. Previously, systematic testing of this relationship was hampered by the lack of a compelling measurement of changes in regulatory policy outputs. To remedy this, we present a novel approach to the measurement of events of regulatory output change. We illustrate our concept by employing data on changes in clean air regulations in 24 advanced democracies from 1976 to 2003. In a next step, we explore the extent to which changes in clean air regulations can account for changes in air pollutant emissions. The empirical analysis suggests that changes in clean air regulations cannot be unconditionally associated with changing intensities of air pollutant emission. We deem these results to have far‐reaching implications for the study of regulatory policy change.     

The triumph of regulatory politics: Benefit–cost analysis and political salience

While benefit–cost analysis (BCA) is now a permanent part of the regulatory process in the United States, and many other countries around the world as well as the European Union have adopted it or are moving toward it, there have been few empirical attempts to assess either whether its use improves regulations or how BCA interacts with the political environment. We use a unique US database of the costs and benefits of 109 economically significant regulations issued between 2000 and 2009 to examine whether the amount of information provided in the BCA or political factors surrounding the regulation better correlate with the net benefits of the regulation. We find that there is little correlation between the information provided by the analysis and the net benefits. However, we find that regulations that receive few public comments and are not issued at the end of an administration, have the highest net benefits. These are the regulations that are the least politically salient. This interaction between the political environment and the economic performance of a regulation has been under‐examined and deserves further study.     

论马克思主义利益观及思想政治教育中的物质利益原则

当前思想政治教育实效性不足问题引起了越来越多的关注，而要解决这个问题就必须从学生主体出发，了解学生的需要，尊重学生的利益，进而调动学生学习的积极性、主动性和创造性，提高教育的实效性。马克思主义的利益观是马克思主义价值观的核心内容，它为在思想政治教育中运用物质利益原则提供了理论依据。也只有在思想政治教育中运用物质利益原则，重视学生利益的合理满足，才能使思想政治教育取得应有的效果。     

浅析市民社会法对利益的分配

中国法治社会的进程伴随着市民社会的形成,面临着国家利益与个人利益的重新分配问题,可以通过对不同阶段、不同类型的法对利益分配方式的分析,来归纳出影响法对利益进行分配的因素,从而为顺利解决这一重新分配问题找到理论依据。     

论犯罪耗费与侦查效益

犯罪耗费主要包括初始犯罪行为造成的耗费,持续犯罪行为造成的耗费,侦查机关预防犯罪、打击犯罪的支出耗费,侦查机关信誉的耗费。犯罪耗费从整个社会的意义上可分为主动耗费和被动耗费,加强犯罪预防工作对减少整个犯罪耗费的发生有着至关重要的作用。在侦查工作中,应树立犯罪耗费观念,增强侦查效益意识,制定和完善相应的刑事政策,健全侦查效益机制。     

邓小平全球视野中的互利论

在和平与发展的前景上，在改革开放的进程中，邓小平以高超的政治智慧，表现出全球视野中的互利观：在利用外资上，表现为外资与中国的互利；从发展战略上看，表现为中国与外国的互利；在处理国家间的关系上，表现出坚持平等、合作和互利的原则。