《民法典》与知识产权法的适用关系

《民法典》与知识产权法之关系既有普通法与特别法的共性,更有知识产权特质带来的个性。知识产权法的适用需要民法视野,更需要保持其个性,且其个性更多源于公共政策性,并以此与其他民事权利保护相界分。合法、公平、诚实信用原则适用于知识产权法,但又被赋予知识产权特色和内涵。知识产权法开放性地保护法益,是法益保护的重镇,但法益保护以合法为前提,并应对保护的正当性进行实质性衡量,非法行为不产生法益。诚实信用原则有广泛适用性,但又需要保持适用上的边界与谦抑。知识产权与物权在权利外观上有相似之处,但二者的原理和规则迥然不同,在理念与制度上不能简单类比。     

The Place of Wishes and Feelings in Best Interests Decisions: Wye Valley NHS Trust v Mr B

In Wye Valley NHS Trust v Mr B the Court of Protection decided that it was not in the best interests of Mr B to receive amputation surgery against his will, notwithstanding that he would die without the treatment. The judge met with Mr B in person and his best interests decision placed significant weight on Mr B's wishes and feelings. This case note considers this influential case in the context of ongoing debate about the place of wishes and feelings in best interests decisions under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. It considers the history of the best interests principle, its interpretation by the Supreme Court in Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust v James, ongoing debates about its compatibility with Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and recent proposals by the Law Commission for statutory amendments to the Mental Capacity Act.     

After the Fukushima Disaster: Japan's Nuclear Policy Change from 2011 to 2012

This article analyzes why and how the cabinet of Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) decided in September 2012 to phase‐out nuclear power plants by 2039—the decision representing a large policy change from previous energy‐supply policy, in which the dependence on nuclear power would continuously grow. In doing so, this article examines the causal relationship between three factors identified on the basis of theoretical models explaining policy change; change in the governing coalition from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to DPJ in 2009, the Fukushima accident, and the change in public opinion. Based on opinion poll and deliberative polling data, as well as discourse analyses of DPJ leaders’ statements, the article concludes that the change in public opinion on nuclear energy after the Fukushima accident was crucial in inducing the DPJ's decision to phase‐out nuclear power plants by affecting DPJ leaders' interests in vote‐ and office‐seeking. Finally, I discuss the applicability of the theoretical models developed on the basis of U.S. pluralistic cases to Japan and the issues to be explored for the further development of policy process models.     

Translating Policies into Informal Settlements' Critical Services: Reframing,Anchoring and Muddling Through

This paper examines how policies and plans are translated into informal settlements' practice. It builds on literature on policy implementation practice and organization studies, and more particularly, it applies the concepts of reframing, anchoring and muddling through. The paper is informed by the case of Kisumu City in Kenya and its Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan and its implementation on Kisumu's informal settlements. The plan was funded by the Swedish International Development Agency through the United Nations Human Settlement Programme and implemented from 2007 to 2009. The study is based on action research carried out by a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary group of researchers, through focus groups, participatory workshops, collaborative action, in‐depth interviews, document analysis and observations. The paper examines what original aspects of Kisumu Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan were translated, that is, which ones faded out and which ones became stabilized into and travel as ‘best practices’ to other locations. The paper shows how the generation of ‘best practices’ can be loosely coupled with the practices that policy seeks to change. It concludes, in line with previous research in the field, how successful policy implementation is based on cultural and political interpretations rather on evidence of improved practices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“小产权房”应理性看待和恰当解决

“小产权房”问题的产生既有历史的原因也有现实的不原因,目前在关于＂小产权房＂地位的论争中存在两种截然相反的观点,笔者并一概反对“小产权房”的合法化,主张恰当处理与疏导“小产权房”问题,力求从农村内部、城市内部和城乡一体化发展中寻求解决的途径．     

浅谈群体性事件的诱因和对策

各种群体性事件成为当前影响社会稳定的一个重要因素。要在各个层面从多个角度正确分析影响社会稳定的群体性事件发生的主要成因,并在此基础上有针对性地提出相应的对策。     

居民小区车库、车位归属和利用问题的研究——从比较法的角度评析《物权法》第74条

《物权法》74条的规定,为小区车库、车位归属与利用有关纠纷问题的解决提供了一定的法律依据,但同时该规定也存在一定缺陷。本文从国外立法以及我国学者对该问题的规定与论述出发,阐释了我国《物权法》74条规定的进步与缺陷,进而提出完善建议。     

经济法的利益观

受到以主客观分离与对立为出发点的二元思维模式的影响 ,在社会结构方面形成了市民社会与政治国家分立的二元理论 ,在法学领域中也形成了以规制政治国家权力为主的公法部门和以调整市民社会关系为主的私法部门的二元划分。随着社会的发展 ,传统的关于市民社会与政治国家截然分开的理论受到挑战 ,政治国家与市民社会日渐融合 ,经济法的出现是这种趋势在法律上的体现之一。经济法作为贯穿于政治国家与市民社会领域的一个新兴的法律部门 ,其利益观体现出一定的综合性 ,融合了运行于市民社会中的私法与运行于政治国家中的公法的双重特征。经济法虽然以社会利益作为其首要的保护目标 ,但其对社会利益保护的实质是以个人利益为核心的个人利益、国家利益、社会利益之间协调的结果。     

规范流转机制确保农民权益--关于农村集体土地使用权流转问题的探索

土地是农业最基本的生产要素,又是农民赖以生存的主要生活资料.由于人口不断增加和城市建设的发展,加大了对非农建设用地的需求,人地矛盾日益突出.因此,必须严格规范农村土地使用权流转程序,确保农村土地使用权在流转中增值和维护农民权益.     

浅论居住权制度在我国设立的必要性

居住权是一项重要的用益物权,在人们的生存权利中占据极为重要的地位。但由于学界目前对此研究的匮乏及我国立法 的滞后,居住权一直未被明确规定为一项法律制度。文章试从居住权在现行法律规定中的匮乏、对社会弱势群体的保护以及弥补现 有住房制度缺陷等方面进行分析,从而论证我国设立居住权制度的必要性。