“大数据杀熟”行为政府治理路径探讨

“大数据杀熟”行为严重损害了消费者权益。相对于传统商业“杀熟”行为,“大数据杀熟”行为更隐蔽,消费者维权更艰难。这种利用算法应用技术损害消费者权益的行为严重违背商业伦理,不仅关乎消费者个人权益,更会影响公共利益,仅凭市场调节难以纠正,需要通过法律进行救济。政府应在遵循辅助性原则的前提下,通过算法应用技术备案、建立“政府-社会”合作规制等制度,用新制度规制新技术,更好地发挥政府在治理“大数据杀熟”行为过程中的作用,保护消费者权益和社会公共利益。     

大北京：波核影响下双环-掌状网络发展模式研究

大北京城市圈的发展遵循聚集经济理论与波核理论,即在北京经济核的影响下按照影响强度逐渐降低的规则由中心向外围呈环状拓展,在这种发展模式下,大北京将呈现双环掌状网络发展趋势。由于区域内不同方向上的经济发展状态不同,大北京向外围空间的拓展呈现差异发展态势,沿石家庄-保定-北京-承德一线,东南区域是大北京的主发展区域,西北区域是次发展区域。在掌状发展模式下有选择地刺激大北京腹地内次一级的经济核的发展,会改善北京与周边的次级城市之间的联系,并实现大北京腹地经济的协同发展。     

大数据时代的社会治理创新

关于大数据的理解有信息说、技术说、价值说,但其共同点是大数据赋予了人们更加强大的认识世界和改造世界的能力。作为一种战略资源,大数据以其大容量、快速度、多样性、预测性等特征,为我们创新原有单一自下而上的管理方式,突破社会治理瓶颈,提供了思维、技术乃至制度的可能。探讨大数据与政府、社会(公众)、公共事务的互动关系,可得出可供期待的社会治理创新内容,但也不能忽视大数据对社会治理可能带来的问题和挑战。     

16个X-STR基因座的连锁不平衡检验和突变率调查

目的：检测X染色体上16个STR基因座的连锁不平衡情况,并对其遗传稳定性进行调查。方法从华东汉族群体选取女性无关个体500名、家系885个,提取血样DNA,利用自主研发的IDtyperX-16试剂盒对16个X-STR基因座进行多重PCR扩增和毛细管电泳分型,使用PowerMarker v3.25软件对基因座进行连锁不平衡检验,并分析各个基因座的突变率。结果16个X-STR基因座彼此之间不存在连锁不平衡现象;有10个基因座检见突变,其中DXS6809和DXS7132的突变率均高达0.0048。结论对于IDtyperX-16试剂盒中的16个X-STR基因座,在亲权鉴定中应用时可运用乘积原理计算似然率,但若遇到不符合遗传规律的情形（尤其是DXS6809、DXS7132基因座）,应考虑存在突变的可能。     

Testing the impact of group offending on behavioural similarity in serial robbery

Behavioural case linkage assumes that offenders behave in a similar way across their crimes. However, group offending could impact on behavioural similarity. This study uses robbery data from two police forces to test this by comparing the behavioural similarity of pairs of lone offences (LL), pairs of group offences (GG) and pairs of offences where one crime was committed alone and the other in a group (GL). Behavioural similarity was measured using Jaccard's coefficients. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine differences between the three categories within the linked samples. No statistically significant differences were found for linked GG compared to linked LL pairs. However, differences emerged between GL and the other categories for some behaviours (especially control) suggesting caution should be applied when linking group and lone offences committed by the same perpetrator. Differences between linked and unlinked pairs were assessed using receiver operating characteristic. The results suggest it is possible to distinguish between linked and unlinked pairs based on behaviour especially within the GG and LL categories. There were, however, fewer significant findings for the GL sample, suggesting there may be issues linking crimes where the offender commits one crime as part of a group and the other alone.     

福柯与大数据时代的政治

人们对于与大数据、数据挖掘相关的政治问题的关注不应仅停留在隐私权的保护、商业规范的制订等方面。通过比较福柯所论述的规训时代与大数据时代的异同,可以发现大数据创造了以抽象的深层次身心机制为特征的新权力客体。统治者能够借助非系统化的海量信息对社会各个职能领域进行细节化的监控和管理。这种统治模式虽然可能造成民主危机和责任危机,却也蕴含着向有利方向变革的可能。     

China's Continuous Dam-building on the Mekong River

This article analyses China's hydro-politics along the Mekong River. It seeks to explain why China's unilateral dam-building projects on the upper reaches of the river have not been met with sustained criticism on the part of the downstream riparian countries, for which upstream dams are likely to have severe negative consequences. It is held that China has embarked on a strategy of implicit and broadly conceived actor-reversed issue linkage as a means to nip any loud disapproval of its dams in the bud. By downplaying its dam-building projects and instead promoting common development goals with the Mekong riparian countries through highly increased political and economic engagement, Beijing has successfully defused any potential counter-measures against its dams, at least for the time being. The sustainability of this strategy and its transferability to others of China's trans-boundary rivers must be questioned.     

The evolution of authoritarian rule in Algeria: linkage versus organizational power

This article draws on the Algerian regimes of Chadli Benjedid and Abdelaziz Bouteflika to critically evaluate Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way’s dimension of linkage. The paper shows that, despite the intensification of the country’s ties to the European Union (EU) from one regime to the other, the willingness and ability of Brussels to put democratizing pressure on Algiers decreased rather than increased. This development challenges Levitsky and Way’s thesis and the importance they place on linkage in relation to their other dimensions of leverage and organizational power. The article concludes that: strengthening linkage does not always result in greater EU or Western democratizing pressure; the balance of importance Levitsky and Way strike between their dimensions is open to question; and, the EU has grown less willing to press for political change in Algeria.     

STR基因座单倍型的推断方法初探

本文参考Browning SR等提出的以SNP等位基因频率为基础,通过统计学模型推断SNP单倍型的方法,初步探讨亲权鉴定中STR基因座单倍型的推断方法。以两个处于连锁不平衡状态的X-STR基因座的女性分型结果为例进行说明。本方法为STR单倍型的推断提供了一个思路,有助于更科学准确地进行STR分型结果的解释。