CONFLICT AND CO‐PARENTING: THE CONSTRUCTS OF NONRESIDENT FATHERS*

Scots law constructs a co‐parental role for nonresident fathers without clarifying how this should operate in practice. Personal Construct Theory (PCT) offers a useful approach to understanding such fathers’ distinct and changing conceptions of their role. Findings are presented from a study of 17 nonresident Scottish fathers maintaining contact with nonresident children. Idiographic analysis of data from repertory grid interviews administered three times over the course of a year shows that participants perceive family situations in terms of paternal involvement, impact, emotion, or antagonism. Changes in construing following family events support the PCT understanding of hostility; implications for family services are discussed.     

Y染色体STR基因座及其等位基因命名原则

近年来,随着对Y染色体STR基因座的深入研究,许多新基因座相继被开发和应用,为了解决由此所引发的一些混乱,国际法医遗传学会于2001年和2005年先后发表了两份有关Y染色体STR基因座的应用指导建议,详细阐述了有关术语、基因座及其等位基因的命名原则、群体遗传学等问题。本文就Y染色体STR基因座及其等位基因的命名原则进行综合评述。     

microRNAs及其法医学应用前景

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性的非编码小分子RNA,平均长度约22nt,广泛存在于各种真核细胞中,并参与调节细胞生长发育、分化、凋亡、衰老、疾病及肿瘤的发生等众多重要生命活动。基于其生物学功能,miRNAs可能在法医学体液来源鉴定、个体年龄推断、同卵双生子甄别等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Corporal Punishment and Kids: How Do Parent Support and Gender Influence Child Adjustment?

Previous research on corporal punishment has failed to consider the interaction of parent support and parent gender in predicting child outcomes. The current study examined whether parental support moderated the effects of corporal punishment on child outcomes (i.e., depression and aggression), and more specifically, whether the gender of the supportive parent moderated the effects of punishment from the opposite-sex parent. Results differed depending on the gender of the punishing and supportive parents, suggesting that parental support can be a protective factor in child outcomes but only under certain conditions. Mother support moderated the effects of father punishment on child depression but not child aggression. High corporal punishment by father was related to more child depression at both high and low levels of mother support. High levels of mother support only seemed important (i.e., children were less depressed) at low levels of father corporal punishment. In contrast, father support moderated the relationship between mother corporal punishment and child aggression but not depression. Children with high father support showed less aggression across all levels of mother corporal punishment. At low levels of father support, child aggression increased as mother corporal punishment increased. For depression, mother corporal punishment was positively related to child depression regardless of level of father support. These findings suggest differential effects for mother and father support and have implications for the treatment and prevention of negative outcomes in children who are physically punished by their parents.

扩增TP53内含子8用于生物检材的种属鉴定

目的扩增常见动物TP53内含子8片段,确定其在法医学生物检材种属鉴定中的应用价值。方法收集标本为包括人在内的15种常见动物的血痕或肌肉组织,提取DNA后定量,应用PCR扩增TP53内含子8,PAGE电泳,银染后观察结果。结果人和猕猴都扩增出一条长度为460bp的片段,鳝鱼、鲢鱼、青蛙、鸭、兔、猫、小白鼠、豚鼠、猪、牛、羊虽有扩增产物,但不在分型区内,鸡、狗未见扩增产物。结论扩增TP53内含子8进行种属鉴定,方法简单,灵敏度较高。     

生物科技相关法律问题与《禁止生物武器公约》

生物技术所具有的人为改变生物自然性状的能力,也对生物多样性的保护构成了前所未有的威胁,并与人类社会的伦理观念发生了冲突。在专家学者、政府部门和各界的共同努力之下,发达国家目前已初步建立了生物安全规范体系。在国际范围内,联合国环境规划署制定了《国际生物技术安全准则》。为此, 我们必须加强对生物科技相关法律问题的研究。科学上的任何一样进步,人类都可以拿来作为武器。随着生物技术的飞速发展,在不久的将来很有可能会研制出杀伤力更隐蔽的新一代生物武器——基因武器。《禁止生物武器公约》对于禁止生物武器、防止生物武器扩散发挥了积极作用,已成为国际军控条约体系和以联合国为中心的集体安全框架的重要组成部分。中国政府一贯主张全面禁止和彻底销毁包括生物武器在内的一切大规模杀伤性武器,高度重视公约在维护世界和平与安全方面的积极作用。     

Sex Differences in the Health Risk Behavior Outcomes of Childhood Bullying Victimization

Short- and long-term health consequences of bullying victimization are well documented and include physical and mental health issues as well as increased involvement in risky behavior, but research exploring sex differences in victimization outcomes is still limited. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth—1997 to examine the consequences of victimization by sex and, more specifically, relationships between bullying victimization and later health risk behaviors—including risky sexual activity, smoking, alcohol use, and drug use. Multivariate analyses identified sex differences for specific health risk indicators, and a substantial difference was evident for overall risk.     

抚养的权利和抚养权

在我国目前缺失民法典、亲权和与离婚后抚养权有密切关系的监护制度体系建构的前提下,离婚后父母子女抚养关系法律问题有待进一步修正和立法.在广泛参考国外和港澳台地区在有亲权制度和监护制度框架下制定的离婚后抚养权的立法和制度模式的基础上,对我国婚姻法上抚养权概念的属种关系和层次关系、未直接抚养子女一方的抚养权利的法律地位、离婚后抚养权与直接抚养权的区别和关系等问题进行了探讨,以期通过立法修正和重新认识达到完善立法和司法、更好地保护离婚后父母和子女权益之作用.     

兼氧-好氧生物接触氧化-混凝沉淀工艺处理屠宰废水

采用兼氧—生物接触氧化—混凝沉淀工艺处理屠宰废水,当进水CODCr为2 500mg/L时,经该工艺处理后出水各项指标可达到国家《肉类加工工业污染物排放标准》(GB13457—1992)三级标准.     

PARENT EDUCATION AFTER SEPARATION/DIVORCE

As part of a Canadian best practices evaluation of parent education for divorcing parents, this study assessed program effects on postseparation parenting. Statistically significant changes from pretest to 4 to 6 month follow-up were evident on all scales related to conflict between former partners, whereas changes related to positive and cooperative parenting were less conclusive. All parents experienced a reduction in conflict that places children in the middle of the conflict by the follow-up stage. Low-moderate-conflict parents experienced more increases in adaptive parenting.