Unmarried Fathers and Parental Responsibility: A Case for Reform?

Following a Consultation exercise conducted by the Lord Chancellor's Department, the U.K. Government has announced its intention to amend the Children Act 1989 so that the unmarried father who jointly registers the birth with the mother will acquire parental responsibility automatically. In this paper, I draw on the responses made to the L.C.D. Consultation, in order critically to evaluate the arguments for and against reform. A poverty of relevant empirical research makes it impossible to reach a properly informed view on the positive or negative impacts of implementing the proposal. However, the principled arguments: that unmarried fathers and their children are subject to discrimination, or that it is unfair for men to pay child support, yet have no automatic rights with regard to their children, are ultimately unconvincing. I also attempt a more explicitly sociological exploration of the Consultation and reform process, focusing on what it can tell us about evolving social attitudes towards the statuses of `father' and `family' and how they should be valued and protected.     

土壤细菌群体多样性的T-RFLP分析应用探讨

目的探讨土壤细菌群体多样性的末端限制性片段长度多态性（terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism，T-RFLP）分析在法庭科学应用的相关问题。方法依据不同土壤中的细菌群体存在多样性和差异，联合利用细菌16SrDNA序列、末端限制性片段长度多态性（terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism，T-RFLP）方法对5个来源不同的土壤样品和4个同一来源土壤样品的细菌群体多样性进行比较分析，计算土壤样品间的相似系数。结果不同来源的5个土壤样品间相似系数，最大者为0．44，最小为0．3；同一来源的4个土壤样品相似系数，最大为0．87，最小为0．76。结论不同来源土壤的细菌群体多样性存在差异。     

生物质谱技术在法医遗传学中的应用展望

随着基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱 (MALDI MS)和电喷雾离子化质谱 (ESI MS)两种技术的迅速发展 ,生物质谱技术已经成为生命科学研究中的重要工具。由于直接检测分子的质量 ,质谱技术同其他方法相比更加准确。生物质谱技术在核酸序列分析中具有快速性、微量化、和高通量的特点。利用MALDI TOF MS技术可以分析降解检材的SNP遗传标记 ,这在法医学中将有着重要的意义。本文对生物质谱技术的原理、进展、面临的困难以及在法医遗传学中的应用前景作了评述     

简论基因与犯罪

2 0世纪 90年代关于基因决定犯罪的新说法 ,在基因时代更具有迷惑性。人的犯罪心理和犯罪行为要受到基因的影响 ,但更重要的还要受到主体内外的其他各种因素的影响。因此 ,不能把犯罪心理和犯罪行为的决定因素简单地归结为基因的作用。基因是不能直接影响犯罪心理和犯罪行为产生的 ,基因决定论本质上是一种生物学决定论和遗传决定论     

DNA数据库建设中批量样品不同DNA提取方法的比较

目的比较和选择自动化工作平台提取DNA的方法,并用于DNA数据库建设。方法用手工Chelex-100法、Biomek3000自动化工作平台结合Chelex-100法及DNA-IQTM磁珠法对实验室收集的建库滤纸血样进行DNA提取,荧光定量技术对上述3种方法提取的模板DNA进行测定;扩增产物用3100基因分析仪检测并用基因分析软件分析。结果手工Chelex-100法、自动化Chelex-100法及DNA-IQTM磁珠法提取的DNA模板浓度分别为0.593ng±0.131ng/μl、0.579ng±0.096ng/μl、0.447ng±0.056ng/μl;成功率分别为100%、98.9%、99.5%。结论本文建立的自动化Chelex-100法可用于大规模DNA数据库建设。     

NECESSARY MEASURES AND LOGISTICS TO MAXIMIZE THE SAFETY OF VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ATTENDING PARENT EDUCATION PROGRAMS

This article suggests measures that should be taken to ensure, as much as possible, the safety of victims of domestic violence. Because victims and perpetrators of domestic violence will inevitably be attendees at parent education programs, such programs must be sensitive to the safety concerns of these victims. Only when victims of domestic violence are safe will their children be safe and able to benefit from what their parents learn at these education programs. This article concludes that, by weaving common-sense logistical, administrative, and curricular recommendations into the fabric of every parent education program, the safety of victims and children will be prioritized as it must be, while all attendees still receive the maximum benefit from these valuable programs.     

GC／MSD分析生物样品中的巴比妥类药物

本文建立了ＧＣ／ＭＳＤ分析生物样品中五种巴比妥类药物的测定方法。线性范围是２００～５０００ｎｇ／ｍｌ，方法的回收率：巴比妥８１．４１±４．５０；异戊巴比妥８３．５８±６．６５；戊巴比妥８２．７８±７．１７；司可巴比妥７９．０４±７．２０；苯巴比妥８２．１３±６．８１（ｎ＝６）。     

GC／MS法分析生物检材中呋喃丹

目的建立生物检材中呋喃丹的检验方法。方法利用溶剂苯将生物检材进行振荡提取、离心,再用色谱-质谱联用技术对上层苯溶液进行分析。结果用该方法在4个实际案例中检出了呋喃丹和其代谢产物呋喃酚。结论该方法适合于案件检验。     

论医学模式与人类健康观

世界医学发展历经三大模式：弥散医学模式，生物医学模式，社会－心理－生物医学模式；人类健康观也由个体健康到身心健康的转变。在社会－心理－生物医学模式中，中医学博大精的内涵愈被世界医学重视。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒SY毒株生物学特性及其S1基因分子遗传变异分析

通过生物学特性研究 ,验证了分离自沈阳地区的SY毒株确实为 1株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。病毒中和试验表明 ,SY血清型不同于参考毒株T、H52 、M41及国内其他流行株如HD、XB、DB等 ;S1基因序列分析表明 ,SY核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列与参考毒株Beau、M41、H12 0 、N1 62、Gray、6/ 82和Ark99等毒株的同源率都低于 80 % ,进化关系与各参考毒株也相距甚远 ,糖基化位点出现 3个新位点 ,氨基酸疏水性区域也存在差异。