ABO基因分型的等位基因特异性引物消耗法

目的建立一种新的ABO基因型分型的等位基因特异性引物消耗法(CASPA)。方法根据ABO基因碱基序列中的第261、297、803nt3处多态性位点设计6条特异性引物及1条公用引物,采用CASPA法鉴定146名中国汉族无关个体血液斑样品的ABO基因型。结果146名中国汉族无关个体血液斑样品中检出AAb、AB、AO1、BOv、O1Ov、AA、BB、O1O1、BO1等9种基因型,结果明确,其基因频率分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论ABO基因型CASPA分型方法为ABO血型的鉴定提供了一个新的检测方法。     

共有基因数在同胞鉴定中应用的研究

目的　探索利用两个体间共有基因数目资料进行同胞关系鉴定的应用价值。方法　根据 80 7对同胞及无关个体的 13个STR基因座的分型结果 ,进行统计学计算。结果　同胞间及无关个体间共有基因数目均符合正态分布 ,分别得到同胞及无关个体关系的判别函数和后验概率 ,以及该方法的平均错判率。其中同胞组判别函数为 :L同胞 =-2 7 0 870 3 +3 2 0 2 3 2S (S为共有基因个数 ) ;无关个体组判别函数为 :L无关 =-7 495 63 +1 685 0 9S ,用上述判别函数进行同胞 /无关个体关系判别时的平均错判率为 0 0 2 65。结论　当共有基因数目大于 17或小于 8时 ,两个体为同胞或无关个体的后验概率分别大于 0 9980和 0 9994。此方法不失为同胞关系鉴定的可信度较高的方法。     

粪便DNA提取及检验

目的　研究人类粪便DNA的提取和检验方法。方法　 8人份粪便样本 ,磁珠法提取DNA后 ,进行STR复合扩增和mtDNAHVI区测序分析。结果　用 2种方法提取的粪便DNA ,STR复合扩增检验均未获成功 ;方法1提取的粪便DNA有 6个样本、方法 2有 7个样本获得了清晰可读的mtDNAHVI区序列 ,并与唾液对照样本DNA的序列完全一致。结论　用本文建立的方法提取粪便DNA ,不适于STR分析 ,可通过mtDNA测序分析进行检验。     

混合生物样品的组分分析及其STR基因型判定

目的应用荧光标记STR多基因座联合检测技术对混合生物样品较少组分最低比例检出限和STR基因型的判定进行研究。方法 将已知浓度的人标准细胞系DNA:9947A和K562分别按照1:1、1:4、1:9、1:19、1:39、1:59、1:79和1:99比例混合后作为扩增模板,应用Profiler plus试剂盒对D3S1358、VWA、FGA、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317、D7S820和性别鉴定基因座检验。结果在比例为1:19时能明确判定两个体各基因座基因型,且两样品基因型结果峰高平均值之比与样品浓度之比正相关。结论应用荧光标记STR多基因座联合检测技术可以对一定比例的混合生物样品进行STR基因型判定,并对其混合比例状况进行大致推断。     

PowerPlex~(TM) 16体系在中国人群中罕见等位基因及其类型

目的 分析PowerPlexTM 16体系基因座在中国人群中的罕见等位基因及其类型。方法 应用PCR-STR和DNA序列分析技术,对4650个无关个体在15个STR基因座中的罕见等位基因进行检测。结果 在PowerPlexTM16体系中的D7S820、D16S539、Penta E基因座,检测到2种类型的罕见等位基因,而TH01、D21S11、D5S818、D13S317、Penta D、D8S1179、TPOX、FGA基因座检测出1种类型。其等位基因频率均较低(0.215‰-7.097‰)。结论 超出ladder范围的罕见等位基因序列比相邻等位基因增加(或减少)1个或数个重复单位,因碱基的插入或缺失的罕见等位基因出现在两等位基因之间。     

Correlates of Reduced Misconduct Among Adolescents Facing Adversity

This study examines the association between engagement in daily challenges and school misconduct in a sample of adolescents. Engagement is assessed by the amount of time spent in challenging activities and in terms of subjective ratings of success in daily challenges. Analyses employ data from a study in which adolescents provided self-reports of their immediate experience over the course of 1 week in response to signals generated at random times by alarm wristwatches. Analyses also test whether the number of opportunities for engagement in school activities is associated with misconduct. Because adolescents who face substantial adversity at home or at school are at particular risk for increased misconduct, associations are tested separately for high- and low-adversity adolescents. Results indicate that both time in daily challenge and perceived success in daily challenge are independently associated with reduced misconduct, and that these associations are slightly more pronounced for high (as compared to low) adversity adolescents. Extracurricular opportunities were shown to be associated with reductions in misconduct for high- but not low-adversity adolescents. Among high adversity adolescents, opportunity for engagement and perceived success in daily challenge were not only associated with reduced misconduct in cross-sectional analyses but also were predictive of reductions in misconduct over time.     

DNA数据库9个STR基因座比中认定亲权的可靠性分析

目的探讨Profiler plus试剂盒9个常染色体STR基因座用于DNA数据库中双亲亲缘关系比中结果认定亲权的可靠性。方法在DNA数据库中搜集无关个体与已知母子（或父子）在9个STR基因座不排除亲缘关系的比中记录54例，组成54例假定的三联体家庭，计算其PI值与RCP值；应用Identifiler试剂盒加做到15个常染色体STR基因座，观察其排除情况。结果在54例假定三联体中PI值最低为178．598597（RCP=99．443203％），最高为97318．085812（RCP=99．998972％）。加做到15个STR基因座后，54例假定三联体中每个三联体至少出现2个基因座排除，最多5个基因座出现排除的现象，平均排除基因座数为3．52个。结论Profilerplus试剂盒9个STR基因座用于亲缘关系鉴定可能出现错误结论；单纯利用RCP值来认定亲缘关系是不安全的；建议应用16个或更多的基因座建设DNA数据库和进行亲缘关系判定。     

基因分型错误或异常的量化评估

基因分型错误或异常是质量控制和保障体系关注的重点,其中分型错误率的量化是实验室质量评估的一项重要指标,而现有的实验室质量控制体系却很少涉及。本文就常见基因分型错误或异常产生的原因、后果以及如何量化和最大限度降低其影响等方面进行了分析。     

19例基因突变分析

目的对19例不符合遗传规律的基因突变现象进行分析，并探讨其对亲子鉴定的影响。方法对使用Profiler Plus＋Cofiler试剂盒鉴定的118例，使用Identifiler^TM试剂盒鉴定的552例亲子鉴定案例中出现的19例1～2个STR不符合遗传规律的家庭，使用DNATyper15^TM试剂盒进行复检。结果原鉴定19个案例中有1个STR基因座不符合遗传规律的17例，有2个STR基因座不符合遗传规律的2例；使用DNATyper15^TM试剂盒进行复检，结果其中3例D8S1179基因座被证实系等位基因丢失，其余16例复检结果仍不符合遗传规律，分析认为系等位基因突变所致。结论在有1～2个基因座不符合遗传规律时，要综合分析，并增加检测基因座的数量，避免基因座的错误分型和亲子关系的误判。     

Positive identification of the principal component of a white powder as scopolamine by quantitative one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR techniques

An unidentified white powder collected as evidence in an intelligence investigation was characterized exclusively by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. A small fraction of the powder dissolved in D2O was subjected to a series of one- and two-dimensional techniques which were used to elucidate the molecular structure of the powder's major component and positively identify it as the scopolamine biotoxin. Quantitative one-dimensional experiments identified individual proton and carbon atom sites, and conventional 14N spectroscopy detected a single nitrogen atom site. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence data correlated all protons to their directly bonded carbon atom, and together with the quantitative spectra, were used to determine the number of protons directly bonded to each carbon atom. The presence of a methyl, carboxyl, and a benzyl group was also identified from these data. Correlation spectroscopy detected a three proton and a nine proton JH,H network, representing a CH2CH moiety and seven carbon atom ring, respectively. These five elements were assembled into an almost complete molecular structure by using long-range, J-coupled, 1H-13C pairs detected by heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopy and 1H-1H dipolar-coupled pairs found from nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) data. Additional oxygen atom sites were inferred from 1H-13C correlation intensities in the HMBC spectra along with 1H and 13C chemical shift values, or directly from NOESY correlations. Only a single oxygen atom site could not be inferred from NMR data, but its presence was inferred from comparisons to target analyte structures to complete the structure of the scopolamine molecule. To confirm these results, an ethanol/H2O solution of the powder was analyzed by direct infusion into an ion trap mass spectrometer. A prominent base signal was observed at m/z 304.1 amu, corresponding to the protonated molecular ion of scopolamine. Subsequently, the ion was selected and subjected to collision-induced dissociation, producing characteristic major MS/MS fragments at m/z 138.1 and 156.1. Comparisons of 1H and 13C chemical shift values and JH,H values measured from our NMR data were found to agree very favorably with previously reported values for scopolamine in D2O.