为什么说“只管不收”是工商行政管理的改革目标

工商行政管理的“收管混台”使“重收轻管”一直未得到解决 ,在其“垂直改制”后仍面对收“两费”的现实。由于“收”与“管”是两种不同的运行主体 ,再结合工商行政管理的管理活动属性及目前的财政体制改革来看 ,工商行政管理应是“只管不收”。     

行政问责制与行政自责文化建设

我国行政问责正由“权力问责”走向“制度问责”。而问责制要真正产生实效,必须有相应的行政问责文化来支持。在行政问责制的建立健全过程中,加强行政自责文化的培育十分重要和紧迫。为此,必须积极推进我国政治文明及行政文化的现代化进程,塑造公务员的现代品格,加快行政自责的制度化、法制化建设,营造良好的社会及政治环境,推进责任型政府建设。     

合作作品的著作权归属和保护

合作作品的整体著作权归全体合作作者共有,各个可分割使用的部分归各作者分别享有。世界上绝大多数国家均规定以合作作者中最后一个去世者的有生之年加死后若干年对合作作品进行保护。     

计算机犯罪中的电子证据研究

随着计算机技术的推广运用 ,计算机犯罪不断发展变化。证实计算机犯罪最主要的证据是电子证据。电子证据具有技术性、易变性、隐蔽性和虚拟性的特点 ,属于书证。直接言词规则、最佳证据规则及我国现行法律规定并不影响电子证据的证据价值。电子证据要通过客观性、相关性和合法性的查证。     

作为所有权运动形式的信托——一个解决信托财产所有权归属问题的理论尝试

信托在本质上是财产所有权移转的特殊运动形式。正常情况下，所有权由委托人流向受托人，再经受托人流向信托关系外部；受托人违背信托义务的情况下，其已经享有的所有权权能，转而回流到委托人手中。所有权运动期间，受托人享有一种临界于所有权的、最大限度的定限物权，同时享有自动获得所有权的资格。所有权运动不会在实际上影响所有权归属功能的发挥，因为根据信托的性质，确定所有权归属的需要必然包含明确所有权归属的条件。     

存疑案件刑事赔偿归责原则

刑事赔偿的归责原则,为从法律价值上判断国家对刑事司法侵权造成损害应否承担法律责任提供了最根本的依据和标准,对于确定刑事赔偿责任的构成及免责条件、举证责任的负担以及承担责任的范围具有重大意义。笔者认为,我国的刑事赔偿,所确立的唯一的归责原则是违法原则。     

美国军事司法权归属性的再界定

关于美国军事司法权的归属性,当前的主流观点(美国军事司法权隶属于国家司法权)与美国的客观实际不符。事实上,美国的军事司法权从一开始就隶属于军事统帅权,但又受到国家司法权一定的制衡作用。     

Attributions for fair exchange outcomes: The effects of power and status

This study focuses on how two fundamental social factors, structural power position and social status, affect attributions for relatively common, non-problematic exchange outcomes. We argue that the relative power and statuses of dyad members activate expectations of competence which in turn shape attributions in the situation. Subjects assumed the role of a typist described in a vignette of a transaction between a typist and a student needing a paper typed. We manipulated power positions in the vignette by varying the value and availability of the resource each actor desired; subject's sex and that of the fictive student represented social statuses. Despite the typicality of the exchange situation, results indicated that status and, to some extent power, created variation in the strength of attributions for the exchange outcome. Females, presumably expected to be more competent typists, made stronger self-attributions for the typing payment than males. Similarly, those in high power positions tended to attribute the payment more to themselves than occupants of low power positions.     

Gender Bias in Attributions of Responsibility for Abuse

The bulk of previous research investigating attributions of responsibility in victimization scenarios have portrayed the assailant as male and the victim as female. The present study varied gender of the participant, gender of the assailant, and gender of the victim in order to examine gender bias in attributions of responsibility in abuse scenarios. Male and female participants were presented with scenarios depicting an abusive interaction between two males, two females, or a male and a female character and then made judgements of responsibility either with or without the narratives present. The results indicated that attributions made by females were biased against male victims of a male assailant when judging actions of the assailant. Attributions made by females and, to a lesser degree, attributions made by males were biased against the victim when the assailant and the participant were of the same gender and attributions of assailants' actions were made without the narrative present. In the analysis of attributions of actions of the victim, males attributed more responsibility to male than female victims. It is concluded that gender of all parties may be an important consideration when judging responsibility in victimization scenarios.     

试析法院院长引咎辞职制度

针对最高人民法院颁布的《地方各级人民法院及专门人民法院院长、副院长引咎辞职规定〈试行〉》的某些条款 ,本文认为 ,其中有一些欠妥之处。这些条款一方面与宪法和法律的有关规定抵触 ,另一方面违反了法治的基本原则 ,将会导致司法行政化和影响司法独立的实现。作为影响全国法院系统的司法改革的重要文件 ,如不予以指出 ,必然会妨碍中国法治建设的进程。