体外DNA扩增技术鉴定血痕性别三例报告

本文报道用体外DNA扩增技术对3例刑事案中的人血痕标本进行性别鉴定。其方法是从血痕标本中微量抽提DNA,用蛋白酶K进行消化。然后用两组引物Y1.1与Y1.2和Alu9.1与Alu9.2及国产FD耐热DNA聚合酶进行聚合酶链反(PCR)扩增DNA,电泳分析Y及Alu重复序列,从而判断血痕的性别。     

固绿显现血手印方法的研究

固绿显现剂是一种血手印显现新试剂,该试剂对新鲜的或陈旧的血手印都有较好的显现效果,刺激性气味小,对人身体伤害小。该试剂的研发为现场血手印的显现提供了一种新的可供选择的方法。     

microRNA Detection in Blood,Urine, Semen,and Saliva Stains After Compromising Treatments

Evaluation of microRNA (miRNA) expression as a potential method for forensic body fluid identification has been the subject of investigation over the past several years. Because of their size and encapsulation within proteins and lipids, miRNAs are inherently less susceptible to degradation than other RNAs. In this work, blood, urine, semen, and saliva were exposed to environmental and chemical conditions mimicking sample compromise at the crime scene. For many treated samples, including 100% of blood samples, miRNAs remained detectable, comparable to the untreated control. Sample degradation varied by body fluid and treatment, with blood remarkably resistant, while semen and saliva are more susceptible to environmental insult. Body fluid identification using relative miRNA expression of blood and semen of the exposed samples was 100% and 94%, respectively. Given the overall robust results herein, the case is strengthened for the use of miRNAs as a molecular method for body fluid identification.     

Validation studies of rapid stain identification-blood (RSID-blood) kit in forensic caseworks

When bloodstains are detected at crime scene using presumptive tests (e.g. luminol, phenolphthalein, leuchomalachite green), it is important to establish the real human nature of each stain. This is possible using confirmatory tests. One of these is rapid stain identification-blood (RISD-blood) a lateral flow immuno-chromatographic strip test format which allows the identification of human blood by detection of glycophorin A, a red blood cell membrane antigen, using two anti-human glycophorin A (GPA) monoclonal antibodies.The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of RSID-blood test in old, degraded bloodstains and in some bloodstains previously treated with BlueStar Forensic, a presumptive test which is often used in crime scene investigations to detect latent bloodstains. The genetic analysis of all bloodstains of confirmed human nature was subsequently performed using the AmpF1STR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems), to validate the possibility of obtain a consistent and reliable DNA typing results.     

血液和尿液中多种头孢菌素的HPLC分析

目的 建立检测血液和尿液中头孢唑啉、头孢拉定、头孢哌酮和头孢噻肟的高效液相色谱法,并考察方法的适用性.方法 以乙酰苯胺为内标,血液和尿液用乙腈直接沉淀蛋白,采用Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq(250min×4.6mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相选用水(含0.12%三乙胺和0.12%乙酸)和乙腈的混合溶剂梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,检测波长254nm.结果 4种头孢菌素分离完全,工作曲线相关性均良好(r>0.9990),检出限为0.01μg/mL,回收率均不低于81.2%.结论 所建立的方法对血液和尿液中以上4种头孢菌素的检测快速、简便、准确,适用于实际检案中头孢菌素类药物的分析.     

酒后驾车血液呼气中乙醇检测方法评价

回顾了乙醇中毒检测的一些重要事件和发展趋势,对此领域内的一些先驱及其主要贡献略加介绍,并对血-气乙醇检测方法的原理、优缺点作了说明。血液检测方法包括湿化学方法、酶法、气相色谱法,呼气检测方法包括湿化学方法、电化学方法、气相色谱法和红外光谱法。欧洲血液检测方法进行地比较早,且较深入,北美则对呼气检测方法有比较透彻的研究。     

HPLC-UVD/FLD法测定血中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂

目的采用水相催化衍生化-液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测分析法,检测血中氟乙酸类杀鼠剂。方法血样经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,加入衍生化试剂4-溴甲基-7-甲氧基香豆素、催化剂四丁基溴化铵,在80℃水浴中衍生化反应120min,衍生产采用液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测分析。结果紫外检测法:氟乙酸根浓度在0.38～38.50μg/mL之间线性关系良好,最低检出限为0.10μg/mL;荧光检测法:氟乙酸根浓度在0.15～15.40μg/mL之间线性关系良好,最低检出限为0.050μg/mL。结论水相催化衍生化-液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测分析方法具有较好的灵敏度、准确性和精密度,可用于实际案例检测。     

芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病痰瘀阻肺证大鼠肺部炎症和肺功能的影响

目的 观察芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)痰瘀阻肺证模型大鼠肺部炎症和肺功能的影响.方法 将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、脾氨肽组、芪白平肺胶囊组.采用强迫游泳、被动吸烟和低氧环境复合方法复制COPD模型.观察大鼠一般状态;检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中细胞总数和炎症细胞比例;光学显微镜下观察肺组织形态变化;ELISA法检测大鼠血清白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-8及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平;检测各组大鼠第0.3秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in 0.3 seconds,FEV0.3)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、FEV0.3占FVC比值(FEV0.3/FVC).结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠一般情况较差,肺功能明显降低,肺组织可见大量炎症细胞浸润,肺泡间隔明显增厚,支气管壁可见明显黏液腺增生,管腔变窄;BALF中细胞总数、单核-巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞比例均明显升高(P<0.05);血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平明显升高(P<0.05).与模型组比较,芪白平肺胶囊组及脾氨肽组大鼠肺组织病理变化明显改善;BALF中细胞总数和单核-巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞比例及血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平明显降低(P<0.05);FEV0.3、FVC、FEV0.3/FVC均明显升高(P<0.05).其中芪白平肺胶囊组上述指标的改善程度明显大于脾氨肽组.结论 芪白平肺胶囊可明显改善COPD痰瘀阻肺证大鼠肺部炎症,改善大鼠肺功能,其机制可能与下调血清相关炎症指标及肺部炎症细胞浸润有关.     

潜血手印四甲基联苯胺显现法的改进

对四甲基联苯胺显现潜血手印在实际工作中遇到的不足进行了优化,结合案例,运用比较的方法说明优化前后显现效果的不同。     

应用斑点ELISA快速进行体液(斑)的血型测定

<正> 在法医学上体液(斑)的血型测定一般常规应用中和试验、吸收试验、解离试验及混合凝集反应。这些试验既耗时,又需较高的技术,且要新鲜标准红细胞指示结果。本实验系应用我们自己提纯标酶的抗-A,-B与抗-H单克隆抗体A,利用斑点ELISA来进行体液(斑)的血型测定。通过颜色变化直接判断血型。