Characterization of Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Heteroplasmy in Blood Tissue and Hair as a Function of Hair Morphology*,†,‡

Abstract: This study characterizes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence heteroplasmy in blood tissue and hair as a function of hair morphology. Bloodstains (127 individuals) and head hairs (128 individuals) were typed using the mtDNA LINEAR ARRAY? assay. A total of 1589 hairs were interpreted: 1478 (93%) were homoplasmic and 111 (7%) exhibited heteroplasmy at one or more positions. Seventy‐one percent (82/116) of individuals were homoplasmic, whereas 29% (34/116) exhibited heteroplasmy in at least one hair. The results demonstrate intra‐ and inter‐tissue differences in heteroplasmy within individuals. Sequence heteroplasmy among hairs from each individual varied from 0 to 90%; the frequency does not differ significantly with population group, cosmetic treatment, age, gender, medulla morphology, region of the scalp, hair growth phase, or, when comparing living and deceased donors. However, the results support a correlation between heteroplasmy and hair pigmentation; typically, lighter‐pigmented hairs exhibit a higher incidence of sequence heteroplasmy compared to darker hairs.     

GC-MC法测定血液中丙泊酚

目的 建立血液中丙泊酚的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法.方法 血液以2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚为内标,用乙醚进行液液萃取,离心后取有机层,水浴下挥干,GC-MS检测.结果 血液中丙泊酚与内标分离良好,在0.02～10 μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性方程为y=0.3136 x-0.0068,相关系数为0.9...     

提高新农合基金统筹层次必要性探讨

当前新农合基金的县级统筹给新农合基金带来了监管困难、调剂空间狭小、损伤保险的公平性原则等问题,并且会影响参合农民的就医效率。提高新农合基金的统筹层次不仅有利于上述问题的解决,还有利于提高农民参合的积极性,从而推动新型农村合作医疗制度的可持续发展。     

目前我国宏观经济运行态势与主要问题分析

目前我国宏观经济运行呈现出经济增长速度较快、物价增长较低、经济效益较好的局面,投资、出口活跃,拉动了经济的高速增长,工业企业销售利润增加,经济效益提高。物价水平略有上涨,基本保持稳定。但经济运行中仍存在较为突出的矛盾和问题不容忽视,工业生产耗能多、污染重,投资增长速度较快、产能过剩,贸易顺差超常增长等等,都是经济运行中的不稳定因素。面对宏观经济高位运行及不稳定因素的存在,我们仍应继续实行稳健的财政货币政策,加强宏观调控,保持经济持续稳定增长。     

我国行政区划层级历史变迁——兼谈其对省直管县体制改革的启示

省直管县体制改革是目前我国地方行政体制改革的热点问题之一,探讨历史上我国行政区划层级的历史变迁有助于借鉴历史经验教训,更加审慎、理性地看待和推行当前的省直管县体制改革。本文在对历史上不同时期行政区划层级的历史变迁脉络进行简要梳理的基础上,初步探讨历史上行政区划层级变迁的动因、利弊、阻滞因素、路径选择等,希冀为当前的省直管县体制改革提供些许借鉴。     

医疗产品损害责任三论

医疗产品损害责任是《侵权责任法》第59条规定的医疗损害责任类型,关于责任分担的规则规定得不够完善,应当根据产品责任的一般规则以及侵权责任法的连带责任规则进行补充.血液属于准产品,应当适用医疗产品损害责任规则确定医疗机构的赔偿责任.消毒药剂构成医疗产品损害责任,其缺陷的判定有一定特点.     

中国社区矫正立法模式的选择

中国社区矫正立法有"先制定上位法,后制定下位法"与"先制定下位法,后制定上位法"两种立法模式。由《社区矫正法》的法律内容的探索性决定,由当代中国社区矫正的发展逻辑决定,由社区矫正的社会属性决定,由社区矫正法的法律属性决定,社区矫正立法宜采纳"先制定下位法,后制定上位法"的立法模式,先推动地方层面上的立法、部门层面上的立法,待时机成熟,再完成国家层面上的立法。     

DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL USE IN RELATION TO THE PERSISTENCE AND DESISTANCE OF SERIOUS VIOLENT OFFENDING AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN AND CAUCASIAN YOUNG MEN*

This study examined the association of alcohol use with the persistence and desistance of serious violent offending among African American and Caucasian young men from adolescence into emerging adulthood. Five violence groups were defined: nonviolent, late‐onsetters, desisters, persisters, and one‐time offenders. We examined alcohol use trajectories for these groups spanning 12 through 24/25 years of age using a four‐piecewise linear growth model s 12–14, 14–18, 18–21, and 21–24/25 years of age. The persisters and desisters reported the highest levels of drinking at 13 years of age. From 14 to 18 years old, however, the late‐onsetters showed a higher rate of increase in drinking, compared with the persisters and desisters. Starting at 18 years of age, the desisters’ drinking trajectory started to resemble that of the nonviolent group, who showed the highest rate of increase in drinking during emerging adulthood. By 24/25 years of age, the persisters could not be distinguished from the late‐onsetters, but they were lower than the nonviolent and one‐timer groups in terms of their drinking. At 24/25 years old, the desisters were not significantly different from the other violence groups, although they seemed most similar to the nonviolent and one‐timer groups. We found no evidence that the association between drinking and violence differed for African Americans and Caucasians. The findings suggest that yearly changes in alcohol use could provide important clues for preventing violent offending.     

Alcohol dependence and criminal behavior: preliminary results of an association study of environmental and genetic factors in an italian male population

The aim of this study is to propose an innovative approach evaluating the connection between alcohol use disorders and criminal behavior. The research, structured as a case–control study, was based on the analysis of environmental (social variables) and genetic factors (single nucleotide polymorphisms of glutamic acid decarboxylase) in a population (N = 173) of Italian alcohol‐dependent men. Group 1 (N = 47, convicted subjects) was compared with Group 2 (N = 126, no previous criminal conduct). Grade repetition, work problems, and drug problems were statistically associated with criminal behavior. Having daily family meals together and having children were inversely related to convictions. The genotype distribution of the two groups was similar. The association between environmental factors and antisocial behavior confirms previous findings in the literature. The lack of genetic association does not exclude the role of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in determining antisocial behavior; further studies with larger samples are needed, together with investigation of other components of the GABA pathway.     

HPLC-MS/MS方法检验血液中可待因

目的 采用HPLC-MS/MS方法对血液中可待因进行定性、定量检验.方法 以Clean Screen DAU混合阳离子交换固相萃取柱提取血样,应用HPLC色谱法分离,MS/MS检测分析.结果 该方法回收率高于70％,线性范围0.01～2 μg/mL,检测限0.1ng(S/N≥3).结论 本文方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于血液中可待因的定性、定量分析检验.