全面开创公安工作新局面

在新世纪,公安机关必须始终把维护社会政治稳定放在首位;严厉打击刑事犯罪活动,提高驾驭社会治安局势的能力;强化服务意识,为经济建设提供优质服务;狠抓基层基础工作、推动公安工作持续发展.     

社区警务及其内容和特点

社区一般是指聚集在一定地域范围内的社会群体和社会组织,以共同文化为背景而组成的具有实体意义的社会生活共同体.社区警务是警察机关依托社区,即依赖社区的人力、物力与财力,实现警察与社区组织、社区公众的有机结合,共同发现和解决社区的治安问题.我国社区警务有多方面的内容和自身的特点与优势.     

秘密社会与传统汉族社会结构

从社会学、人类学的角度 ,将传统中国的秘密结社置于中国社会结构、文化传统、制度体系及群体意识中予以考察 ,就会发现其形成和发展对政治、经济、军事、文化、宗教、宗族、人口等层面都产生了重大的影响。探究中国秘密社会的结构、类型、特征、功能 ,可以从整体上把握秘密社会与传统汉族社会结构的内在关系     

村民自治推进中存在的问题与对策探讨

村民自治是中国农村基层民主的重要形式。当前在推进村民自治的进程中还存在乡镇政府干部制约村民自治的正常进展、村委会干部的权力难以受到有效制约和村民自治权利的保障与救济不完善等问题。因此,要完善村民自治,首先要从战略高度重视农村文化教育事业,使之成为村民自治的重中之重;其次要完善村民自治的监督机制,保障自治权不被异化,完善村委会选举制度,真正实行民主选举。     

论工会在劳动关系中的独立性与代表性——基于企业工会干部职业化的若干思考

企业工会在劳动关系中存在着对企业的依附性,难以实现劳资关系的博弈制衡,有其多方面的社会历史原因.为使企业工会更好地维护劳动者合法权益,构建和谐稳定的劳动关系,以上级工会从社会上招聘、派遣为特征的企业工会干部职业化,是目前探索企业工会成为劳资关系中平等主体的基本思路和主要模式.然而,这种"嵌入式"的企业工会干部职业化模式,虽然强调了企业劳动关系中工会的独立性和专业化,但可能会出现工会代表性的先天不足.符合中国工会性质和职能要求的企业工会干部职业化,应以"内生"于企业的工会代表性为基础,以工会在劳动关系中的独立性为表现形式.     

Reflections on variability in the blood–breath ratio of ethanol and its importance when evidential breath-alcohol instruments are used in law enforcement

Variability in the blood–breath ratio (BBR) of alcohol is important, because it relates a measurement of the blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) with the co-existing breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC). The BBR is also used to establish the statutory BrAC limit for driving from the existing statutory BAC limits in different countries. The in-vivo BBR depends on a host of analytical, sampling and physiological factors, including subject demographics, time after end of drinking (rising or falling BAC), the nature of the blood draw (whether venous or arterial) and the subject’s breathing pattern prior to exhalation into the breath analyzer. The results from a controlled drinking study involving healthy volunteers (85 men and 15 women) from three ethnic groups (Caucasians, Hispanics and African Americans) were used to evaluate various factors influencing the BBR. Ethanol in breath was determined with a quantitative infrared analyzer (Intoxilyzer 8000) and BAC was determined by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC). The BAC and BrAC were highly correlated (r = 0.948) and the BBR in the post-absorptive state was 2 382 ± 119 (mean ± SD). The BBR did not depend on gender (female: 2 396 ± 101 and male: 2 380 ± 123, P > 0.05) nor on racial group (Caucasians 2 398 ± 124, African Americans 2 344 ± 119 and Hispanics 2 364 ± 104, P > 0.05). The BBR was lower in subjects with higher breath- and body-temperatures (P < 0.05) and it also decreased with longer exhalation times into the breath-analyzer (P < 0.001). In the post-absorptive state, none of the 100 subjects had a BBR of less than 2 100:1.     

Forensic appraisal of death due to acute alcohol poisoning: three case reports and a literature review

Death due to acute alcohol poisoning lacks specific anatomical characteristics, compared with other deaths due to drug poisoning. We report three forensic cases of death from acute alcohol poisoning due to inhibition of the respiratory centre and eventual asphyxia. Blood alcohol concentrations in the three fatalities were 5.28, 3.33 and 3.78 mg/mL, respectively. Lethal doses and blood alcohol concentrations showed differences between individuals. Detailed auxiliary tests besides autopsy were undertaken. These cases show that forensic scientists should exclude other causes of death, combine the autopsy with auxiliary tests, and then make an appraisal.     

经济社会发展新常态下工会的新挑战与新作为 一2015年中国工会·劳动关系论坛纪要

当前我国经济社会正在进人一种新常态,稳增长、调结构、惠民生、防风险的任务十分繁重。工会作为 党的重要群团组织,作为劳动关系中劳动者一方合法权益的代表者、维护者,在推动构建和谐劳动关系过程中应积极 应对新挑战,展现新作为。工会作为党的群团组织,应更加注重推进和诣劳动关系建设,发挥社会稳定器的作用。在 国家大力推动供给侧改革的形势下,各级工会组织有必要行动起来,为经济转型和产业升级做出积极的贡献。经济社 会发展新常态下全面推进依法治国,构建和谐劳动关系要求工会工作必须加强法治化建设。面对新挑战,基层工会要 以独具特色的工作模式,主动寻求破解现实挑战的最佳途径。     

Characteristics of Drug Vendors on the Tor Network: A Cryptomarket Comparison

Abstract

Past research on drug-related vendors on Tor marketplaces indicate that sellers are motivated by the greater anonymity afforded by the Tor Network. Limited research has even posited that some drug-related vendors on cryptomarkets sell to other dealers, adding another dimension to existing literature that highlights the retail nature (dealer-to-customer transactions) of these Tor-based drug markets. Yet these past studies have been largely qualitative in nature. This study conducted a quantitative analysis of vendor accounts on Evolution and Agora to determine characteristics predictive of vendors advertising controlled substances, and to determine whether any statistically significant differences among drug vendor characteristics existed between the two sites.     

Developing Citizens: Missed Opportunities in Health and Social Service Provision? A View From Aotearoa New Zealand

This article is a reflection on an evaluation of multisystemic therapy services in Aotearoa New Zealand, established to treat young people aged 12–16, for alcohol and drug misuse and to decrease unwanted or “antisocial” behaviors. The therapy engaged parents/caregivers in a systems approach and did not require the young person to be directly engaged. This raised three issues. First, because the young people were not active participants, the services missed the opportunity to help the young people develop skills of self management. Second, this lack of engagement created a missed opportunity to engage the young person to re-establish or reconnect relationships that had been harmed. Finally, we reflect on the cultural fit of the service with Māori values. These issues raise a number of questions about the aims of service provision with young people and the assumptions that underpin particular types of service.