Introduction of a standardized "paternity index" for the statistical evaluation of blood group findings in paternity testing

The introduction of a standardized paternity index (PI) for the statistical evaluation of blood group findings in cases of disputed paternity is proposed and explained. By using the PI $\text{X}\text{Y}$ as parameter, it is not necessary to give the information of the probability of paternity in percent. The PI includes the full information of the blood group findings. In addition to that, by using the suggested standardization based on the probabilities of error according to Schulte Mönting and Walter the test volume is also taken into account. The interpretation of the mathematical result is given by verbal predicates, the limitations of which are orientated by the verbal predicates for the probabilities of error according to Schulte Mönting and Walter, published by us elsewhere. Besides the essential fact that the test volume is taken into account, the most important advantage of this procedure is that the mathematical result is involved in the court decision only by the PI (which is free of any valuation) and its verbal predicate and not by sometimes relatively high percentages, which may be misunderstood by laymen.     

抗人N单克隆抗体的理化特性研究及其初步应用

本文报告理化因素对抗人N单克隆抗体(ON_1D_3)活性的影响。P~H及反应温度对ON_1D_3单克隆抗体与人红细胞的血凝反应有显著的影响。较适宜的实验条件为P~H7.0,温度30℃。在此条件下对155例新鲜血液及60例陈旧血痕样品进行MN分型。结果与用市售兔抗N血清测定的结果完全一致,证明在上述条件下,ON_1D_3单克隆抗体可用于临床常规血液分型及法医学上对陈旧血痕MN血型的测定。     

针灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与NO的关系

建立７０％乙醇灌胃致大鼠胃粘膜急性损伤模型，以胃粘膜血流量，胃跨壁电位差，胃粘膜损伤指数为指标，并测定血液中，胃粘膜中一氧化氮含量，研究针灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与ＮＯ的关系。结果显示：针灸对胃粘膜损伤具有保护作用。ＮＯ的前体Ｌ－精氨酸和ＮＯ的代价供体硝普钠对胃粘膜也有保护作用，而ＮＯ合成酶的抑制剂Ｎ－亚硝基左旋精氨酸未显示出胃粘膜有保护作用。     

月经血鉴定与基质金属蛋白酶-11

月经血鉴定是法医血痕检验的内容之一。本文就月经血鉴定的几种经典方法进行回顾,并分析其应用局限性。基质金属蛋白酶-11是一种能降解细胞外基质的水解蛋白酶,有研究提示基质金属蛋白酶-11以其在月经血中表达的特异性和检测方法的灵敏性有可能成为对月经血鉴定的新一代标志物。本文对基质金属蛋白酶-11的结构、功能、在月经血鉴定中的应用及展望进行综述。     

一种制备酶标记抗体的新技术及在血痕种属鉴定的应用

本实验建立了一种过碘酸钠氧化法为基础、制备ＨＲＰ标记的免抗人ＩｇＧ抗体的新技术。首先以己二酰二肼作为肼化剂，在ＩｇＧ分子上接上肼基，然后以过碘酸钠作为氧化剂，使ＨＲＰ分子上的糖基氧化为醛基，进而使醛基与联结在ＩｇＧ分子上的肼基形成Ｓｃｉｆｆ氏碱而达到酶与抗体的联接。在用斑点ＥＬＩＳＡ方法鉴别血痕种属的研究中，该法制各的酶标记抗体具有高效价，高敏感度，高特异性等优点。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测血液中的美西律

目的建立测定血液中美西律(mexiletine)的液相色谱-串联质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)。方法采用简便的乙腈蛋白沉淀法对血液进行预处理,应用Allure PFP Propyl液相柱分离,用电喷雾正离子模式离子化,多反应监测模式对美西律进行分析。结果美西律与内标纳洛酮分离良好,在0.02～10.00μg/mL内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9999,回归方程为y=0.0283x-0.0151,日内与日间精密度的RSD均小于15%,最低检测限为0.01μg/mL。结论建立的LC-MS/MS方法简单、灵敏、可靠,可同时适用于美西律临床药物监测和法医毒物分析的需要。     

In Memoriam: C. C. Aronsfeld (1910–2002)

ABSTRACT

Enoch Powell's ‘rivers of blood’ speech, delivered forty years ago, in April 1968, had a significant impact on British politics. Commentators are divided between those who have defended Powell's remarks and those who have condemned them. Hillman evaluates the responses, and reassesses the speech. He focuses on five key issues: Powell's motives; whether the speech was racist and/or racialist; the relationship between the speech and Conservative Party policies; Powell's electoral impact; and his forecasts with regard to numbers of people with minority ethnic backgrounds within the population.     

糖尿病微血管病变从阴虚血瘀论治探析

糖尿病微血管病变属于中医学“消渴”范畴,具有现代医学微血管病变的典型特征和中医阴虚血瘀的典型证候表现。阴虚是消渴之本,血瘀是消渴之标,阴虚血瘀是其根本病机。滋阴生津、活血通脉是中医调理糖尿病微血管病变的根本途径。     

Exsanguinated blood volume estimation using fractal analysis of digital images

The estimation of bloodstain volume using fractal analysis of digital images of passive blood stains is presented. Binary digital photos of bloodstains of known volumes (ranging from 1 to 7 mL), dispersed in a defined area, were subjected to image analysis using FracLac V. 2.0 for ImageJ. The box-counting method was used to generate a fractal dimension for each trial. A positive correlation between the generated fractal number and the volume of blood was found (R(2) = 0.99). Regression equations were produced to estimate the volume of blood in blind trials. An error rate ranging from 78% for 1 mL to 7% for 6 mL demonstrated that as the volume increases so does the accuracy of the volume estimation. This method used in the preliminary study proved that bloodstain patterns may be deconstructed into mathematical parameters, thus removing the subjective element inherent in other methods of volume estimation.     

从“血荒”现象看《献血法》在实施中的问题与完善

我国《献血法》在实施中存在一些问题：“血荒”现象在很多地方存在;目前的还血政策不能很好地激励公民献血的积极性;法律对医疗机构紧急用血规定不完善,“见死不救”,“救人违法”的矛盾在现实中还存在;部分临床用血的血液来源存在安全隐患。应当教育、动员、招募一支固定无偿献血者队伍,适当放宽献血的条件。提高血站的管理水平和服务质量、加强无偿献血及免费用血系统的网络化建设、适当扩大医疗机构在紧急用血时的权限。