动脉喷溅血迹动力学及形态学的模拟实验观察

目的观察不同压力、管径对在水平方向上形成的喷溅状血迹的喷射距离及形态的影响。方法建立室内现场环境,利用自制的模拟喷射装置,在60～210mmHg范围内设6种压力,在1.5～4.5mm范围内设4种管径条件,于50、100、150cm 3种高度,制作动脉喷溅血迹。观察水平面上不同喷射高度的喷溅血迹的分布范围、血迹大小及形态特征,并测量其距离,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进分析,并进行方差检验。结果在不同高度,血液喷射距离随压力增大而增加,随管径增大而减小,两因素间存在交互作用,距离与压力及管径存在较好的线性关系,可得出回归方程。而喷溅血迹的形态特征总体趋势为:高度越高圆形血滴直径约大;管径越粗,边缘毛刺状突起越明显;压力越大,喷射距离越远,且卫星状血迹逐渐增多,拖尾更拉长;随管径的增加,出现椭圆形血滴所需的压力越高。结论动脉喷溅血迹的形态及喷射距离的观察与测量,可用于推断命案现场喷溅源位置及人体受损伤时的体位。     

Method Development and Validation for Determining 1,3-Bu- tadiene in Human Blood by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spec- trometry and Head-Space Gas Chromatography

To develop a simple,validated method for identifying and quantifying 1,3-butadiene(BD) in human blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and head-space gas chromatography(HS-GC).BD was identified by GC-MS and HS-GC,and quantified by HS-GC.The method showed that BD had a good linearity from 50 to 500μg/mL(r0.99).The limits of detection and quantification were 10 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL,respectively.Both the intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 6.08%,and the accuracy was 96.98%-103.81%.The method was applied to an actual case,and the concentration of BD in the case was 242 μg/mL in human blood.This simple method is found to be useful for the routine forensic analysis of acute exposure to BD.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测血液中的林可霉素

目的建立超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定全血中林可霉素的方法。方法样品血使用3mL水提取,涡旋离心,上清液过HLB柱,用10%甲醇溶液淋洗,甲醇洗脱,洗脱液用于UPLC-MS/MS分析。采用ACQUITY UPLC○R HSS T3色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。结果以林可霉素母离子406.987(m/z)和子离子126.011及359.009(m/z)定性、定量。加标回收率在104.98%～120.74%。在S/N≥3的情况下,最低检出限为55.4pg/mL。结论本方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,准确度高,重现性好,可在法庭科学应用推广。     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测血液中的磺胺嘧啶

目的建立一种采用UPLC-MS/MS检测全血中磺胺嘧啶的方法。方法以HLB固相萃取柱提取血样,应用UPLC色谱法分离,MS/MS检测分析。结果该方法具有浓缩富集的效果,使血液中磺胺嘧啶的回收率高于102%,线性范围为10～1 000ng/mL,检测限0.21ng/mL(S/N≥3)。结论该方法灵敏度高,分析速度快,操作简便,可用于全血中磺胺嘧啶的定性、定量分析检验。     

Statistical Evaluation of Alternative Light Sources for Bloodstain Photography

Bloodstain photography is important in forensic applications, especially for bloodstain pattern analysis. This study compares the enhancement effect of bloodstain photography using three different types of light source: fluorescent white light, near‐ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diode (LED) light, and 410 nm LED light. Randomized complete block designs were implemented to identify the lighting that would statistically produce the best enhancement results for bloodstains on different types of surfaces. Bloodstain samples were prepared on white cotton, brown carpet, tar road, and wood. These samples were photographed in darkroom conditions using a Canon EOS 50D digital SLR camera, with Canon EFS 60 mm f/2.8 Macro USM lens. Two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test were used to analyze the contrast of the images. The statistical analysis showed that 410 nm light is the best among the tested lights for enhancing bloodstains on the tested surfaces, where the contrast of bloodstain to background was the highest.     

Highly Sensitive Detection of Blood by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,,

Raman spectroscopy for forensic body fluid analysis has received some attention due to the nondestructive nature and potential application for identification at the crime scene; however, its usage has been limited by low detection sensitivity. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was evaluated for blood identification for forensic applications. Specifically, a SERS‐active substrate was fabricated, composed of nickel nanotips coated with Ag nanoparticles. Compared with a conventional substrate, the SERS substrate enhanced Raman scattering by more than two orders of magnitude and allowed blood to be identified to a dilution of 1:100,000. Blood was also successfully detected by swabbing the SERS substrate directly on mock evidence. Most importantly, Raman spectra obtained by swabbing the SERS substrate on blood stains were free of luminescence even when blood was deposited on luminescent fabrics. The nondestructive character, simplicity of sample preparation, and high sensitivity make SERS a prime candidate for field and laboratory‐based blood identification.     

UPLC—MS／MS法测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC—MS／MS）法测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素含量的方法。方法样品经乙酸乙酯提取后,Ci8柱分离,以0．1％甲酸乙腈-0．1％甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,正离子-多反应离子监测模式（ESI＋-MRM）测定雪上一枝蒿甲素,定性定量离子对分别为344．3／58．0、344．3／91．0。结果雪上一枝蒿甲素在3．5～850ug／L-1。范围内与峰面积呈现良好的线性关系（r=-0．9968）,检测限为0．1Iμg／L-1,日内、日间精密度均〈10％,低、中、高三个浓度下准确度（n=5）为97．2％-115．2％,回收率（n=5）为86．6％~89．4％。结论该方法操作简便,结果准确,可作为测定人血中雪上一枝蒿甲素含量的方法。     

固定双上肢悬挂致死机理初探

为探索固定双上肢悬挂致死的死因及其死亡机理，本研究对１０只家兔进行案例的模拟实验及血气分析．实验结果表明：实验动物悬挂一段时间后开始出现紫绀、呼吸困难、呼吸停止，继而心跳停止、实验后与实验前相比，ＰＨ值、ＰａＯ２、ＨＣＯ３－、ＢＥ水平明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＰａＣＯ２、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ２＋水平明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）．这说明其死因属窒息死．其死亡机理为固定双上肢悬挂后，呼吸肌协调失常致呼吸衰竭死亡．     

全血中利多卡因的高效液相色谱法测定

本文报道反相高效液相色谱法测定全血中利多卡因浓度的方法。氟安定作为内标,全血经溶血,1N 氢氧化钠1ml 碱化后,用乙醚提取。以Zorbax ODS 为固定相,以CH_3 OH∶H_2O∶(C_2H_5) _3N(100∶45∶0. 2,pH6. 3) 为流动相,检测波长为240nm。用利多卡因为内标的峰高比定量。血中利多卡因最低检出浓度为0. 125ug/ml。线性范围是0. 0025～0. 0750mg/ml(r=0. 9999) 和0. 0250～0. 3000mg/ml(r=0. 9999) 。本法添加利多卡因1. 0、2. 5,8. 0ug 的回收率分别为101. 51±1. 51%、98. 10±2. 05%和±98. 09±3. 63%,天内变异系数分别为1. 49、1. 29和3. 70,天间变异系数为1. 78%。     

男子性犯罪原因生物学基础初探

男子性犯罪原因是复杂的，关于性犯罪原因生物学基础的研究，国内尚缺乏足够的研究资料和实验依据．本文对某监狱在押性犯罪男犯２２３名进行外生殖器形态观察、血型、多Ｙ染色质、血浆性激素水平和毛发微量元素检测，结果表明，男子性犯罪行为，除了与社会、心理、教育等原因有关外，无疑存在着物质基础，即生物学基础。至于性犯罪原因生物学基础在性犯罪小的作用和地位，我们的工作仅是初步探索，有待进一步深入研究。