egr-miR-71过表达对绵羊PBMCs蛋白组的差异表达分析

为了探究细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus)来源的miR-71(egr-miR-71)对绵羊外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)蛋白组的影响。本研究使用密度梯度离心法分离得到绵羊PBMCs,并使用电穿孔法将egr-miR-71转染至绵羊PBMCs,用qPCR检测转染效率。基于iTRAQ方法,对比分析egr-miR-71过表达对绵羊PBMCs蛋白表达的影响,通过qPCR和Western-blotting对骨髓源性生长因子(MYDGF)转录水平和翻译水平进行验证。结果显示,绵羊PBMCs转染egr-miR-71模拟物后,miR-71的相对表达量极显著上调(P<0.01)。利用iTRAQ共鉴定出7642个蛋白质,其中157个呈差异表达,与对照组相比,68个蛋白显著上调,89个蛋白显著下调。下调的蛋白主要包括巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子(MIF)、MYDGF、酰基辅酶A结合蛋白(ACBP)和碳酸酐酶(CAs)等。这些差异蛋白主要参与丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)等信号通路。qPCR和Western-blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,模拟物转染组中MYDGF转录和翻译水平均显著下调(P<0.05)。通过对转染egr-miR-71后绵羊PBMCs的蛋白进行组学分析,初步了解了egr-miR-71对绵羊PMBCs表达蛋白的调控,鉴定出的差异蛋白可能在细粒棘球蚴与宿主互作中发挥重要作用。这为深入研究细粒棘球绦虫的感染机制提供了思路,也为新型抗包虫病药物的研发提供了理论依据。     

超声辅助离子液体萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定全血中卡马西平

目的建立超声辅助离子液体-分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)测定全血中卡马西平(carbamazepine,CBZ)的方法。方法经筛选后以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(1-butyl-3-methymidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate,[Bmim][PF6])为萃取剂,在空白血液中添加卡马西平和内标物双氢卡马西平(10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine,CBZ-DiH),通过超声辅助离子液体对其萃取后,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱分离,流动相A为含0.1%甲酸、10mmol/L乙酸铵的水,流动相B为混合有机溶剂(乙腈‥甲醇=2‥3,体积比),流速1mL/min,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测。结果血液中卡马西平的线性范围为8.00~300.00ng/mL,R2大于0.995,最低检出限为3.00ng/mL,最低定量限为8.00ng/mL,提取回收率大于80%,日内和日间精密度均小于20%。采用本方法从实际案件的血液样品中检出卡马西平,浓度为2.71μg/mL。结论本研究建立的全血中卡马西平的检测方法,具有环境友好、快速、富集效果好、灵敏度高、有机溶剂消耗小的优点,可应用于卡马西平相关案件的法医学鉴定。     

BOLD—fMRI在肇事肇祸精神分裂症研究中综述

综述了肇事肇祸精神病患者脑功能异常区以及异常区之间的相互关系。主要采用事件相关的图片线索诱导一中性线索反应模式的fMRI扫描，对司法鉴定为精神病患者进行的探索实验性研究。结果表明，双侧大脑额叶、颞叶区域存在多个脑功能激活区。因此，脑功能成像（fMRI）可以作为肇事肇祸精神病司法鉴定的一个有效手段。     

Differex~（TM）与Chelex-100法在混合斑检验中的应用比较

目的探讨DifferexTM系统法在法医学性侵犯案件混合斑检验中的应用价值,并与传统Chelex-100法进行比较。方法对日常性侵犯案件中的生物检材分别通过DifferexTM系统法与Chelex-100法检验来比较两种方法的优劣。结果采用Chelex-100法提取时,在所检验样本中仅有床单全部获得单一分型,而采用DifferexTM系统法则只有一条内裤的分型为混合型,其它均为单一分型。应用DifferexTM系统法还可以同时提取女性上皮细胞DNA,成功率为100%。采用Chelex-100法时出现双尖峰的频率也明显超过DifferexTM系统法。结论 DifferexTM系统法在法医学性侵犯案件混合斑检验中比Chelex-100法具有更明显的优势,是一种非常有应用前景的方法。     

The temporal fate of drugs in decomposing porcine tissue

Drug levels in decomposed individuals are difficult to interpret. Concentrations of 16 drugs were monitored in tissues (blood, brain, liver, kidney, muscle, and soil) from decomposing pigs for 1 week. Pigs were divided into groups (n = 5) with each group receiving four drugs. Drug cocktails were prepared from pharmaceutical formulations. Intracardiac pentobarbital sacrifice was 4 h after dosing, with tissue collection at 4, 24, 48, 96, and 168 h postdosing. Samples were frozen until assay. Detection and quantitation of drugs were through solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis. Brain and kidneys were not available after 48 h; liver and muscle persisted for 1 week. Concentration of drugs increased during decomposition. During 1 week of decomposition, muscle showed average levels increasing but concentrations in liver were increased many fold, compared to muscle. Attempting to interpret drug levels in decomposed bodies may lead to incorrect conclusions about cause and manner of death.     

Stability of Morphine,Codeine, and 6‐Acetylmorphine in Blood at Different Sampling and Storage Conditions

The stability of drugs in biological specimens is a major concern during the evaluation of the toxicological results. The stability of morphine, codeine, and 6‐acetyl‐morphine in blood was studied after different sampling conditions: (i) in glass, polypropylene or polystyrene tubes, (ii) with addition of dipotassium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (K₂EDTA) or sodium oxalate (Na₂C₂O₄), and (iii) with or without the addition of sodium fluoride (NaF). Spiked blood samples were stored at two different temperatures (4 and ?20^°C), analyzed after different storage times and after three freeze–thaw cycles. Opiate concentrations were decreased in all conditions, but the most unstable was 6‐acetyl‐morphine. The addition of NaF as preservative improved the stability of opiates at all conditions studied, whereas the type of anticoagulant did not affect the stability of opiates. It was concluded that blood samples should be stored at ?20^°C in glass tubes containing oxalate and NaF for maximum stability.     

现代职业警察建立前的英国传统警务模式研究

英国在世界范围内率先建立起现代职业警察制度,创现代治安管理模式之先河。然而在现代职业警察制度建立之前,英国经过原始部落时期、罗马不列颠时期、盎格鲁—撒克逊时期等不同的历史阶段,在每一个阶段中都孕育出了适应其历史发展的警务工作模式。通过对各个时期的警务模式研究,我们可以归纳得出英国传统警务模式的发展轨迹,即由早期的"自我警务"到"社区集体警务"再到"王权监督下的地方自治警务"。     

Phenibut screening and quantification with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to driving cases

An analytical strategy for identification by an LC–MS/MS multitarget screening method and a suitable LC–MS/MS based quantification were developed for the psychotropic drug phenibut. The samples analyzed were collected during traffic control and were associated with driving under the influence of drugs. A positive sample for phenibut was identified in a single case of driving under the influence. The quantification revealed a drug concentration of 1.9 μg/mL. An interaction with blood alcohol (BAC = 0.10%) was discussed as the explanation of the way of driving and deficit manifestations observed (swaying, nystagmus, quivering of the eyelid, and reddened eyes). According to the available information, the quantified phenibut concentration could be explained by an intake of four tablets (self-reported) during the day containing 250 mg of the drug. Chromatography was performed with a Luna 5 μm C18 (2) 100 A, 150 mm × 2 mm analytical column, and a buffer system consisted of 10 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% acetic acid (v/v) included in mobile phases marked as A (H₂O/methanol = 95/5, v/v) and B (H₂O/methanol = 3/97, v/v). An effective limit of detection (LOD = 0.002 μg/mL) could be achieved for the multitarget screening method. The quantification of phenibut was performed on a second LC–MS/MS system with LOD/LOQ values of 0.22/0.40 μg/mL. Since phenibut quantification data are rare, the presented information can be used with caution for evaluation of positive cases in the future.     

单细胞分离荧光原位杂交法用于男女混合血DNA分型

目的采用单细胞分离荧光原位杂交法精确分离混合血样中男性和女性细胞并进行分型检验。方法收集男、女性血,按照男∶女为1∶5、1∶10、1∶20制备混合血样,加入0.075mol/L KCl 600μL,轻混、放置30min后加入150μL固定液离心留沉淀涂片,利用Vysis 30-161050试剂盒进行荧光原位杂交,并用PALM激光显微捕获系统分离出男、女性细胞,使用Identifiler试剂盒复合扩增并进行检测。结果捕获8个血细胞即可得到完整的DNA分型,且随着细胞数目的增多,检出率逐渐提高而等位基因丢失率逐渐降低。10个血细胞的检出率最高,为93.75%。5μL男性血液与本实验各比例女性血混合用本文方法检验均可获得男性分型。案例混合血斑经检验获得单一男性和女性分型。结论单细胞分离荧光原位杂交法可用于男女混合血样本中DNA分型检验。     

基于GC-MS的血液气味识别模型

目的阐明人体血液与动物血液气味的差异性,并建立对两者进行分辨的仪器分析方法。方法采用气相色谱-质谱技术联合固相微萃取前处理方法测定了血液气味的化学组成;以血液气味色谱数据为基础,利用逐步判别分析法,以Matlab为计算工具,编写了血液气味识别模型的代码。结果分析鉴定了9种在人体血液与动物血液之间有显著差异性的化学成分,基于这些化合物建立了血液气味识别模型。结论人体血液与动物血液气味有显著差别;建立的血液气味识别模型能够正确区分人体血液与动物血液。