毒品犯罪的行为模式

毒品犯罪中较为常见的三种犯罪行为模式——贩毒集团的运行情况、被利用贩毒的人骡和被排斥的业余贩毒者。因此,公安机关打击毒品犯罪的锋芒要始终对准境内外毒枭、贩毒集团和职业毒贩。     

STR基因座三带型等位基因的统计学分析

目的探讨STR基因座三带型等位基因的统计学方法。方法对8846份无关个体的静脉血或血痕样本利用磁珠法提取血液DNA，通过复合荧光扩增和毛细管电泳得到STR基因型，采用GeneMapperIDv3．2软件分析STR基因型，并通过直接计数法检测三带型基因型频率，公式计算三带型等位基因频率，并推导三带型统计学分析在亲缘鉴定及个体识别中的公式。结果8846份样本中，共检出4例三带型等位基因和3种三带型基因型。且发现等位基因基因频率的乘积与实际发生率差异具有统计学意义，并成功推导出三带型在亲缘鉴定及个体识别中的公式。结论三带型等位基因某两个等住基因作为整体在群体中遗传的频率可用这两个等位基因频率的乘积进行估算。     

A BPA Approach to the Shroud of Turin

An investigation into the arm and body position required to obtain the blood pattern visible in the image of the Shroud of Turin was performed using a living volunteer. The two short rivulets on the back of the left hand of the Shroud are only consistent with a standing subject with arms at a ca 45° angle. This angle is different from that necessary for the forearm stains, which require nearly vertical arms for a standing subject. The BPA of blood visible on the frontal side of the chest (the lance wound) shows that the Shroud represents the bleeding in a realistic manner for a standing position while the stains at the back—of a supposed postmortem bleeding from the same wound for a supine corpse—are totally unrealistic. Simulation of bleeding from the nail wounds contacting wood surfaces yielded unclear results.     

运输毒品罪犯罪形态初探

运输毒品罪是我国刑法处罚较重的罪名之一 ,因为我国将运输毒品作为独立的罪名予以规定 ,这一规定 ,对切断毒品从生产到交易再到消费的联系起到了很大作用。但是 ,在实践中 ,司法部门对运输毒品罪的犯罪形态认识不统一 ,处罚存在多样性 ,严重影响了刑法公正统一适用 ,有必要对运输毒品罪的既遂、未遂和毒品的运输方式进行探讨进而统一认识。     

试论农村社区警务方式之转变

农村地区的自然地理特点和社会人文环境状况以及农村社区公安机关有限的警力资源实际决定了农村社区警务方式转变既有其客观性又有其必要性。农村社区警务方式转变的途径包括划分职能、完善制度、强化建设等。     

Changes in the morphology and presumptive chemistry of impact and pooled bloodstain patterns by Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Bloodstain pattern analysis can be critical to accurate crime scene reconstruction. However, bloodstain patterns can be altered in the presence of insects and can confound crime scene reconstruction. To address this problem, we conducted a series of controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the effect of Lucilia sericata (Meigen) on impact bloodstains and pooled bloodstains in association with three combinations of common surfaces (linoleum/painted drywall, wood floor/wallpaper, and carpet/wood paneling). L. sericata fed from the pooled bloodstains and added insect stains through regurgitation and defecation of consumed blood. L. sericata formed defecatory trails of insect stains that indicated directionality. Defecatory stains fluoresced when viewed at 465 nm with an orange filter. These observations differed from Calliphora vicina insect stains because feeding on blood spatter was not observed and trails of insect stains were formed by L. sericata. The fluorescence of defecatory stains can be used as a method to detect insect stains and discriminate them from real bloodstains.     

Volume Determination of Fresh and Dried Bloodstains by Means of Optical Coherence Tomography

The volume of bloodstains found on crime scenes may help forensic investigators reconstruct the location and kinematics of bloodletting events, as stain size, volume, and impact velocity are related. Optical coherence tomography was used as a method to determine the volume and volume ratio of dried and fresh bloodstains on both glass and irregular surfaces or deposited with an impact velocity. The volume of blood drops deposited on smooth glass surfaces was measured within a deviation of 2%. This deviation increased for droplets on irregular surfaces or deposited with an impact velocity. The volume ratio of dried and fresh bloodstains was equal to 19–28% depending on the individual donor and on the use of an anticoagulant. Optical coherence tomography is a good method to determine the volume of fresh and dried bloodstains in laboratory conditions and allows accurate determination of the dry/fresh ratio.     

A Molecular Method to Correlate Bloodstains with Wound Site for Crime Scene Reconstruction

Bloodstain pattern analysis to determine the wound‐of‐origin of bloodstains is problematic with nonspecific patterns. In this proof‐of‐concept study, the authors examined a molecular approach to correlate bloodstains with injuries using the rat as a model. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the rat brain marker, rno‐miR‐124‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System and real‐time PCR analysis. Rno‐miR‐124‐3p was detected in brain homogenates diluted 100,000 times; in 3‐week‐old, room temperature stored, simulated brain–blood stains; and in bloodstains from head gunshot wounds collected with swabs and subsequently frozen for 9–18 months; however, rno‐miR‐124‐3p was not detected in whole blood. Proof‐of‐principle was demonstrated by the ability to distinguish bloodstains from a gunshot wound to the head versus bloodstains from a gunshot wound to the chest, by the testing of otherwise identical bloodstains from the two patterns for the presence of the marker. The results suggest a viable approach to a longstanding problem in casework.     

现场血迹推断出血点位置的研究进展

血迹是命案现场最常见的痕迹之一,对血迹形态的分析是一种重建犯罪现场的有效方法,而根据现场血迹推断出血点位置则是血迹形态分析的主要任务之一。随着血迹研究的不断发展,出现了许多不同的方法（如传统拉线法、三角函数法、绘图法、计算机程序法、公式计算法、回归方程法等）用于推断出血点位置。通过结合国内外相关文献,对不同的方法进行了综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

Customizing English Language Program for EFL Learners

This paper discusses the importance of having a customized instructional approach specifically for students who are learning English as a Foreign Language （EFL） in the foreign language setting. Most of the innovations introduced by the Education Ministry of Malaysia such as the Communicative Language Teaching （CLT） and phonics are suitable for ESL （English as a second language） learners, while the EFL learners are still left behind. A suitable teaching approach which customizes the needs of the students in EFL setting, especially in the state of Terengganu should be introduced. The main focus of the program exploits reading and writing skills in providing language input since these two skills are more dominant in terms of utility and functions among the EFL students as compared with the ESL students who are enable to exploit speaking and listening skills because of the natural setting. The research investigates the prospect of developing a suitable language teaching program based on 10 basic sentence patterns （10SP） which are exploited through the principles of transformational generative grammar and customized learning experiences focusing on reading as a bridge in acquiring other language skills such as writing, listening, and speaking.