理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗急性期肩关节周围炎疗效观察

目的 观察理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗急性期肩关节周围炎的临床疗效。方法 选择60例急性期肩关节周围炎患者,随机分为手法组和对照组,每组30例。手法组给予理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗,对照组给予超短波疗法结合肌内效贴治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分、压痛阈值、肩关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、肩关节功能Constant Murley评分(Constant Murley score,CMS)、表面肌电积分肌电图（integral electromyogram,iEMG）值。结果 手法组疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后VAS评分均显著降低,且手法组降低程度大于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后压痛阈值、CMS、肩关节ROM、iEMG值均显著升高(P<0.05),且手法组升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗可缓解急性期肩关节周围炎患者的疼痛,改善肩关节功能。     

艾灸对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响

目的 观察艾灸三阴交、关元穴对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMMSCs)中Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响,探索艾灸影响骨代谢的内在机制。方法 将60只6月龄SD大鼠随机分为正常组（20只）和去卵巢组（40只）,采用去卵巢法复制大鼠骨质疏松症模型,将去卵巢组再随机分为模型组、雌二醇组和艾灸组,每组10只。采用MTT法检测大鼠BMMSCs活性,酶联免疫吸附法检测大鼠BMMSCs中骨钙素（bone glaprotein,BGP）含量,实时荧光定量PCR法测定Wnt3a、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白-5（low density lipoprotein receptor associated protein-5,LRP-5）、LRP-6、Dkk1、β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）和T细胞因子（T-cell factor, TCF）mRNA相对表达水平,Western blot法测定Wnt3a、Dkk1、β-catenin、TCF蛋白的表达水平。结果 在体外培养第12、16天时,艾灸可显著提高骨质疏松症大鼠降低的BMMSCs活性。艾灸可显著升高骨质疏松症大鼠BMMSCs中降低的BGP含量,显著上调BMMSCs中降低的LRP-5、LRP-6 mRNA的表达水平,显著上调降低的Wnt3a、β-catenin和TCF mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平,显著下调升高的Dkk1 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 艾灸三阴交、关元穴增加去卵巢大鼠BMMSCs活性,提高BGP含量,其机制与干预Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

Validity of the use of porcine bone in forensic cut mark studies

Porcine bone is often used as a substitute for human bone in forensic trauma studies, but little has been published on its comparative mechanical behavior. The factors affecting mechanical properties and therefore selection of bone models are complex and include the age of the animal at death, and physiological loading conditions, the latter being of particular relevance when using a quadrupedal animal as a human substitute. The regional variation in hardness of adult and infant porcine bones was investigated using Vickers’ indentation tests and compared to published data for human limb bones to relate differences to inherent genetic effects and loading influences, and to examine the validity of the porcine‐human model. Significant differences in hardness were observed both along and around the adult porcine humerus and femur, but no significant differences were found along the length of the infant bones. Significant differences were found between the forelimb and hindlimb, but only in the infant specimens. The hardness values for porcine adult cortical bone from the femur (52.23 ± 1.00 kg mm^?2) were comparable to those reported in the literature for adult human cortical bone from the fibula, ilium, and calcaneus. These data will help inform subject selection in terms of both species and bone type for use in future trauma studies.     

Analysis of histomorphometric variables: Proposal and validation of osteon definitions

Histological analysis of bone tissue has been used to explore a variety of questions relating to age-at-death, habitual behaviors, health, and nutritional stress. Identification of intact and fragmentary osteons is of key interest to many researchers in these studies, yet the definitions of these features vary between researchers making cross-study comparisons problematic. Furthermore, histological variable definitions are often ambiguous or require subjective classifications by the observer. As a result, and as indicated by previous studies, observer error and misclassification of certain variables, namely intact and fragmentary osteons, can be significant. This study proposes new definitions for intact and fragmentary osteons that are designed to limit observer subjectivity and also explore efficacy of combining osteon types into one variable. A sample of 30 6th rib cross-sections from a modern forensic population was used to test the validity of the proposed definitions. Observations of intact osteon population density (OPD(I)) and fragmentary osteon population density (OPD(F)) were made by three observers for each cross-section. These observations were used to explore the interobserver error associated with the proposed definitions and determine if combining variables into one variable (OPD) mitigates persisting classification difficulties. Results indicate that the proposed definitions significantly reduce interobserver error and misclassification of intact and fragmentary osteons. However, the interobserver error associated with fragmentary osteons is still high. Evaluation of the variables independently indicates that combining variables has potential to reduce the predictive strength of an age estimation model and the ability to interpret age-related bone remodeling.     

陈旧性骨骼DNA提取技术的研究

对陈旧性骨骼建立一个高回收率并能除去 PCR 反应抑制物的提取 DNA 的方法。采用 CTAB 法提取 DNA。结果显示,该方法不但能有效去除 PCR 抑制物,而且对水泡、火烧、土埋以及10年左右的骨骼所提取的 DNA 均能成功地进行荧光标记 STR 多基因座扩增检验。实验表明,该方法稳定,重复性好,适合陈旧骨骼标本的 DNA 提取。     

大鼠颅骨材料力学和骨质参数的增龄性变化

目的 通过检测大鼠颅骨材料力学和骨质参数,探讨二者关系及其与年龄的相关性.方法 48只健康雄性SD大鼠按年龄分为2、4、6、8、17、26、52和104周龄组,每组6只.利用KDⅡ-0.2型微机控制电子万能试验机压缩右侧颅盖骨检测其材料力学参数(极限载荷、压缩强度、压缩模量),之后分离颅骨骨片进行Micro-CT系统扫...     

A Powder-free DNA Extraction Workflow for Skeletal Samples

The processing of skeletal material poses several challenges for forensic laboratories. Current methods can be laborious, time-consuming, require dedicated equipment, and are vulnerable to contamination. In this study, various sample mass (1 × 50 mg, 3 × 50 mg, and 1 × 150 mg chip(s)) and incubation times (2, 4, and 16 h) were tested using the PrepFiler^® BTA™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit to digest whole bone chips in lieu of powdering. The most effective method was then applied to bones and tooth fragments collected from contemporary human cadavers exposed to various environmental conditions using an automated platform. Over a third of the samples tested generated full DNA profiles without having to powder the bone/tooth fragment or further alter the manufacturer's protocol. However, for most samples resulting in incomplete STR profiles due to low amounts of DNA, slightly better results were achieved with powdered tissue. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential use of a faster, nonpowdering DNA extraction method for processing skeletal samples as an effective first-pass screening tool.     

大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对非透析慢性肾脏病肾性骨病湿热证患者骨密度及血清骨形成蛋白-7的影响

目的观察非透析慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney diseases,CKD)肾性骨病湿热证患者腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和血清骨形成蛋白-7(bone morphogenetic protein-7,BMP-7)水平及大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠的干预作用。方法将64例非透析CKD 3~5期湿热证患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例(结果每组失访2例),并设正常组20例。两组均给予基础治疗,治疗组加用大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠,每日1次,疗程均为8周。治疗前后分别观察两组血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN),血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、BMP-7水平及第2—4腰椎BMD。结果治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗4周末和8周末,两组中医证候积分均较前一时点显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组积分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组在降低BUN、SCr和血清P、iPTH、ALP方面,以及在升高血清Ca和肾小球滤过率估算值方面均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。与正常组比较,CKD病例组BMD和BMP-7均显著降低(P0.05);两组治疗后BMD和BMP-7均显著升高(P0.05),而治疗组BMD和BMP-7升高值均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。结论非透析CKD肾性骨病湿热证患者BMD和BMP-7水平均显著低于健康人群;大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠可防治非透析CKD肾性骨病,其机制可能与改善肾功能及升高血清BMP-7含量有关。     

The extent of STR chimerism in different biological samples following bone marrow transplantation: A case report

Biological samples recovered from recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) contain genetic material from both donor and him/herself. This chimeric condition can greatly complicate analysis of a DNA evidence and undermine its power of discrimination, as the specimens could be mistakenly identified as a mixed sample when in fact it originated from a single person. Profiling reference samples could help clarify the profile anomalies, however, the degree of mixture between host’s and donor’s genetic materials has been reported to vary depending on the tissue from which DNA were obtained. As a result, knowledge to select appropriate sources of reference samples that would most likely reveal the person’s pre- and post-transplant alleles becomes necessary to minimise any possible misunderstanding during the subsequent DNA profile interpretation and comparison. This work investigated the extent of chimerism present in different types of biological samples collected from an individual who had undergone a bone marrow transplant as a child (post-transplant interval, PTI >28 years). DNA profiles from buccal cells, saliva, hair roots, and fingernail clippings were generated using AmpFℓSTR™ Identifiler™ Plus/Direct PCR Amplification Kit. The donor’s STR profile was used to identify donor- and host-specific alleles (DSA and HSA, respectively), and relative donor chimerism (%Ch) of each marker was calculated. Results showed that the saliva sample contained the highest level of chimerism, with complete profile of donor being detected and the mean %Ch was 34.0 ± 4.5. Four out of eight DSA dropped out from the buccal cell profile, and the mean %Ch was 24.2 ± 1.7. Hair roots and fingernail clippings yielded single source profiles and only host’s original alleles were present. Except for the fingernail results, these observations agreed with many of the previous studies, which further demonstrated the need for raising awareness among forensic genetic laboratories regarding the type of reference samples that should be collected in future cases.     

青少年骨龄鉴定及其相关问题

本文综述了骨龄研究和应用历史,以及骨龄评测的新方法和新技术,讨论了骨骼发育的影响因素、骨龄标准时效性、骨龄评测部位选择及法医骨龄鉴定等相关问题。