Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化排脓散水提工艺

目的 优选排脓散最佳水提工艺。方法 采用Box-Behnken响应面设计法,以水提液中3个指标性成分（柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、芍药苷）的含量和出膏率的综合评价作为考察指标,考察料液比、浸泡时间、提取时间3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果 排脓散水提的最佳工艺条件为15倍水,浸泡67 min,提取74 min。结论 Box-Behnken实验设计法优化排脓散的水提工艺方法可行,预测性较好。     

补肾填精法对兔骨折后不同时相骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响

目的 观察补肾填精中药对兔骨折后不同时点骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)分化为成骨细胞的影响。方法 将20只白兔随机分成4组,即正常对照组、骨折模型组、中药治疗组、西药治疗组。分离培养骨折端BMSCs,取P3代BMSCs并向成骨细胞诱导分化,分别采用碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase, ALP）试剂盒、骨钙素（osteocalcin, OCN）试剂盒检测ALP活性、OCN水平。结果 随着用药时间的延长,各骨折组ALP活性和OCN水平均逐渐增强。在骨折后第14、21天,中药治疗组ALP活性、OCN水平均高于其他3组。结论 补肾填精法可促进兔骨折后不同时点BMSCs向成骨细胞分化。     

“矫筋正骨法”针刀治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察

目的 观察“矫筋正骨法”针刀治疗膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis,KOA）的临床疗效和对步态的影响。方法 纳入KOA患者65例,采用随机数字表法随机分为针刀组和对照组。其中针刀组32例,行“矫筋正骨法”针刀治疗;对照组33例,行常规针刺治疗,分别于治疗前后采用视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS）膝关节评分及步态分析的方法进行疗效评估。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组VAS显著降低（P<0.05）,HSS评分中的疼痛、功能、活动度评分和总分均显著升高（P<0.05）,治疗后针刀组屈曲畸形评分也较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,治疗后针刀组和对照组步频、步速、步长均显著改善（P<0.05）;与对照组比较,针刀组治疗后VAS显著降低（P<0.05）,HSS评分中疼痛、功能、活动度评分和总分均显著升高（P<0.05）,步频显著改善（P<0.05）;两组患者综合疗效比较,针刀组显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 “矫筋正骨法”针刀可以显著减轻KOA患者的疼痛症状,并且可以使患者的关节功能、活动度以及步频同步得到改善,体现了KOA治疗中“筋骨并重、标本兼治”的思想。     

六味地黄汤通过树突状细胞Notch信号通路调节T细胞分化干预自身免疫性脑脊髓炎

目的 通过观察树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)Notch信号通路对CD4+T细胞分化的影响,探究六味地黄汤干预实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyeli-tis,EAE)的机制.方法 采用主动免疫法诱导2D2小鼠EAE模型,采用磁珠分选收集...     

李业甫筋骨并举整脊法治疗颈性眩晕临床疗效观察

目的 观察李业甫筋骨并举整脊法治疗颈性眩晕的临床疗效.方法 将80例颈性眩晕患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组40例.对照组患者采用常规推拿治疗,观察组患者采用常规推拿结合李业甫筋骨并举整脊法治疗.比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后颈性眩晕症状与功能评分、眩晕残障程度评定量表(dizziness handicap inventory,DHI)评分及椎-基底动脉血流速度.结果 两组患者临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组的治疗效果优于对照组.两组治疗后颈性眩晕症状与功能评分均显著升高,DHI评分均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度显著优于对照组(P<0.05).两组治疗后左侧椎动脉、右侧椎动脉、基底动脉平均血流速度均有所增加(P<0.05),且观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 李业甫筋骨并举整脊法可以有效调节椎-基底动脉血流速度以减轻患者的眩晕症状.     

新鲜鼻骨骨折CT诊断指标探讨

法医鉴定工作中,需要明确判断鼻骨骨折为新鲜形成,方可作为人体损伤鉴定的依据.通过案例追踪复查与已知陈旧鼻骨骨折对照及临床表现等方法,依据骨折断端锐利、骨折部位粘膜肿胀、软组织内有小片状低密度影等CT影像表现,结合伤后鼻面部肿胀、鼻出血、鼻腔通气不畅等临床表现作为新鲜鼻骨骨折的影像诊断指标.工作中,须重视鼻骨骨折新旧伤的...     

Photographic comparison of surface topography as a viable solution when physical match is challenging

Physical matching methods are a family of well‐known methods that are utilized in order to determine whether two pieces of a tearable/breakable material used to be one object. When performing physical match of polymers, it is sometimes difficult to reach an unambiguous conclusion. This is due to various reasons. One is when the tear/fracture resides in an inaccessible or hidden‐from‐view region of the piece. Another is when the shape of the tear/fracture at the object's tear/fracture line is insufficient for deducing a complete match. Third is deficiency of material along this line. These are examples of processes where the line is affected so drastically, so that a match renders impossible. Specifically, when addressing elastic materials, the tear/fracture line may even be squashed. This may also be a reason for difficulty in performing a physical match. In this paper, a method is proposed where a match is alternatively achieved by means of photographic comparison of marks on the surface topography of the pieces‐in‐question. Comparisons of pairs of torn pieces of silicon rubber were made. The procedure involved photography of the surface topography the pieces. Then, the photographs were horizontally mirror‐flipped. Lastly, a comparison was made between two photographs: a photograph of one piece and a mirror‐flipped photograph of the opposite piece. The results show that after comparing the pieces to one another, only one unique pair turned out to be positively matched. Using the proposed method, not only the comparison is done by a more informative method (comparing to physical match), it is also more convenient, faster, less expensive, and technically simpler.     

Individual integrity,freedom of association and religious exemption

ABSTRACT

Of the many questions Cécile Laborde addresses in her magisterial Liberalism’s Religion, several relate to what she describes as ‘the puzzle of exemptions’. I examine some of the issues raised by her efforts to solve that puzzle: whether her ideal of moral integrity squares with the nature of religious belief; whether we should find the case for collective religious exemptions in freedom of association and the ‘coherence interests’ of associations; how much significance we should give to the ‘competence interests’ of organised religions; and by which criteria we should assess individual claims to religious exemption.     

过渡时期中国共产党反腐倡廉的实践经验

过渡时期中国共产党的反腐倡廉实践有着多方面的内容,它是当代中国国家廉政体系建设相当重要的起步。它有这样一些基本经验:在深入开展群众性反腐运动的同时,充分发挥舆论监督的作用;从根本制度上整合全社会,构建整体性的国家廉政体系;着眼于权力的有效控制,开始了对于权力关系的调整和合理化。过渡时期的反腐倡廉实践包含了运动(群众)、制度、权力、教育等多层因素。这些因素的配合,在促进政治实践有效性的同时,也发挥了整体性的反腐作用。     

Tooth hop variability in human and nonhuman bone: Effect on the estimation of saw blade TPI

Forensic research has demonstrated that tooth hop (TH) is a valuable measurement from saw-cut bones as it can be used to estimate teeth-per-inch (TPI) of a saw used in postmortem dismemberment cases. However, error rates for TPI estimation are still under development and knowledge of how bone tissue affects TH measurements remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of tissue variability through the use of different taxa on the accuracy and precision of TH measurements in the bone to estimate TPI of the blade. A total of 1766 TH measurements were analyzed from human, pig, and deer long bones cut by two 7 TPI saw blades of different tooth type. Fifty distance-between-teeth measurements before and after sawing were collected directly from each blade for comparison to bone-measured TH to assess potential effects of tooth wear on TH variability. ANOVA and F tests were used to compare mean TH and variance, respectively, by saw-species (i.e., crosscut-deer, rip-deer) and species groups (i.e., all deer, all pig), with significance determined at the p < 0.05 level. TH measurements were converted to usable TPI ranges, which would typically be presented in a forensic report. It is concluded that significant differences in TH (mm) do not necessarily reflect significant differences in associated TPI ranges of suspect blades. Forensic reports should report mean TPI ± 1.5–2.5 TPI while providing a sample size indicating number of TH measured rather than just number of cuts or cut surfaces examined.