北京交通扬尘污染控制研究

颗粒物是北京市大气污染的首要污染物,其中交通扬尘对颗粒物浓度的贡献较大.减少各种尘土进入道路和进行道路清扫是控制交通扬尘污染的主要措施.通过对国内国外两种清扫车排放口的排放浓度和吸尘效率进行测试研究表明,采用先进的清扫设备可以有效地控制交通扬尘.     

制定民法典的设想

中国的私法建设走过了一段风雨历程,取得了一些进步和成就,但现有的私法规范过分零乱庞杂,急需系统化和逻辑化。在民法法典化的条件业已成熟的今天,制定民法典应以德国法为模式,实行民商合一。     

“许霆案”的法理学思考

法律是一种阐释性的概念，法的“空缺结构”特征必然会产生解释上的分歧。对个案来说，按照法不溯及既往原则，是不能求助立法的修正以图为案件树立新的法律依据。因此在个案中，和其他解释相比较，法院的解释无疑具有终局性和决定性。文章以“许霆案”为背景，以案件争议的焦点为对象，以哈特“法的空缺结构”和德沃金“法律的整体性”解释理论为分析工具，对许霆案进行法理学思考。认为法官在解释法律时应该具有整体性的概念，将公平和正义怀揣于心中，将抽象的正义变成具体的正义。     

努力建设优秀人才密集的执政党——论陈云的干部队伍建设思想

在中国革命、建设和改革开放的各个历史时期,陈云同志为党的干部队伍建设作出了不可磨灭的历史性贡献。他强调,执政党的干部队伍建设事关重大,必须要在学习和实践中全面提高干部队伍素质,坚持德才兼备、量才任用的原则选拔干部,坚持和健全民主集中制,实行集体领导制度。陈云同志的干部队伍建设思想,对于我们总结执政经验、把握执政规律、提高执政能力,努力建设优秀人才密集的执政党具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

体表损伤与瘢痕的三维测量方法应用评估

目的检验结构光三维扫描法和单相机摄影测量法这两种三维测量方法在法医学体表损伤与瘢痕测量中的准确性和可靠性。方法对比分析直尺法、结构光三维扫描法和单相机摄影测量法对86处尸体损伤的测量结果;对比分析结构光三维扫描法、单相机摄影测量法、Photoshop套索像素法、PDF阅读软件法对13处活体模拟块状瘢痕面积的测量结果,并记录所耗时间;以贴纸的已知规格信息作为标准值,比较直尺法、结构光三维扫描法和单相机摄影测量法的测量准确度,计算均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE);对不同操作者和同一操作者前后3次测量结果的可重复性进行组内相关系数(intraclass correla⁃tion coefficient,ICC)一致性评价。结果两种三维测量方法与直尺法在尸体损伤上测得的结果差异无统计学意义;结构光三维扫描法、单相机摄影测量法、PDF阅读软件法的测量结果和Photoshop套索像素法相比差异无统计学意义,单相机摄影测量法后处理耗时长于其他方法;直尺法测量长距离组(10~40cm)时结果小于标准值,RMSE值结果为结构光三维扫描法<单相机摄影测量法<直尺法;组内和组间的ICC值均大于0.99。结论结构光三维扫描法和单相机摄影测量法均可应用于法医学体表损伤的记录和测量,前者在测量精度及稳定性上表现更优,后者的数据色彩还原度更好,但后处理耗时较长。     

论心灵健康与德性成长

健康心灵和良好德性是互促互进的,对个体健康成长来说,二者缺一不可.关注心灵健康与德性成长,是教育的题中应有之义,也是其最为重要的任务和使命.处于社会转型期的我国,儿童的心理与道德问题日益增多和日趋严重,与我们对其心灵健康与德性成长关注不够有关.作为教育工作者,不仅要坚信在培养健康心灵和塑造良好德性方面,教育是可以大有作为的,而且要以改革的精神、开放的心态去引导学生寻求生命的意义,确立人生的目标,过有意义的生活.     

恢复高考的意义诠释

1977年的恢复高考,距今已经整整30年,这是一个值得万般珍记的历史事件.恢复高考是教育战线尤其是高等教育战线拨乱反正的重要标志,是中国改革开放的伟大起点.它对于在全社会重新树立尊重知识、尊重人才的良好风尚,对于重建社会的公平与公正,对于推进新时期中国现代化建设事业的向前发展均具有强烈的现实意义.与此同时,它对于推进中国教育制度的重建与创新也具有强烈的现实意义.恢复高考的政策意义迄今依然熠熠生辉.     

Microscopic Pattern of Bone Fractures as an Indicator of Blast Trauma: A Pilot Study

The assessment of fractures is a key issue in forensic anthropology; however, very few studies deal with the features of fractures due to explosion in comparison with other traumatic injuries. This study focuses on fractures resulting from blast trauma and two types of blunt force trauma (manual compression and running over), applied to corpses of pigs; 163 osteons were examined within forty fractures by the transmission light microscopy. Blast lesions showed a higher percentage of fracture lines through the Haversian canal, whereas in other types of trauma, the fractures went across the inner lamellae. Significant differences between samples hit by blast energy and those runover or manually compressed were observed (p < 0.05). The frequency of pattern A is significantly higher in exploded bones than in runover and compressed. Microscopic analysis of the fracture line may provide information about the type of trauma, especially for what concerns blast trauma.     

Sexual Dimorphism in Auricular Surface Projection and Postauricular Sulcus Morphology

The presence of an elevated auricular surface and a postauricular sulcus is presented in numerous reference books as osteological indicators of sex, but the validity of these traits has not been adequately evaluated. The ilia of 322 (181 male, 141 female) adults were examined, the auricular surface was scored as completely, partially, or nonelevated, and the postauricular sulcus was scored as present or absent. Complete elevation occurred almost exclusively in females (67% of females and 0.6% of males). The postauricular sulcus was present in 27% of males and 85% of females. When present, an elevated auricular surface is a reliable indicator that the individual is female. However, the absence of the trait is a less reliable indicator of sex. The postauricular sulcus is a moderately accurate estimator of sex.     

Nigeria’s 2015 General Elections: The Salience of Electoral Reforms

Nigeria’s 2015 general elections were followed by positive remarks by trusted local and international observers. The highpoint of the elections was the emergence of the opposition candidate as the winner of the 28 March presidential elections. Clearly, this is unprecedented in the electoral history of Nigeria considering the enormous influence that surrounds the office of the incumbent executive in the country. This article analyses the reforms that enhanced the integrity of the elections. The article illustrates the electoral reforms introduced by the electoral management body and their connection to the improvement of the integrity of the 2015 general elections.