典型电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数实验研究

目的 为获得典型电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数,研究倒地滑行速度、路面干湿、路面材料以及电动两轮车结构等因素对电动两轮车倒地滑动摩擦系数的影响.方法 采用实车牵引法测试了“标准”和“非标”两种类型电动两轮车在四种常见路面上的0～50km/h速度区间内的倒地滑动摩擦系数.结果 电动两轮车在实验混凝土路面倒地滑动摩擦系数为0....     

How Much Responsiveness is Too Much or Too Little?

This article analyses the main principles underlying public service responsiveness, illustrating them with examples drawn largely from recent experience in the Australian Commonwealth government. The final section attempts to identify some general international trends which are placing new strains on the relationships between politicians and public servants.     

骨伤复原汤配合骨搬运技术治疗创伤性四肢大段骨缺损30例

目的 观察骨伤复原汤配合骨搬运技术治疗创伤性四肢大段骨缺损的临床疗效。方法 将60例创伤性四肢大段骨缺损患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,对照组术后采用鹿瓜多肽8 mg静脉滴注,治疗组患者加服骨伤复原汤。结果 随访18～31个月,平均24个月。治疗组骨痂牵拉时间较对照组显著缩短（P<0.05）;治疗组骨愈合优25例,良4例,可1例,差0例,对照组骨愈合优20例,良4例,可4例,差1例,两组骨愈合疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 骨伤复原汤配合骨搬运技术可缩短创伤性四肢大段骨缺损的愈合时间。     

理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗急性期肩关节周围炎疗效观察

目的 观察理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗急性期肩关节周围炎的临床疗效。方法 选择60例急性期肩关节周围炎患者,随机分为手法组和对照组,每组30例。手法组给予理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗,对照组给予超短波疗法结合肌内效贴治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后视觉模拟量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分、压痛阈值、肩关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、肩关节功能Constant Murley评分(Constant Murley score,CMS)、表面肌电积分肌电图（integral electromyogram,iEMG）值。结果 手法组疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后VAS评分均显著降低,且手法组降低程度大于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后压痛阈值、CMS、肩关节ROM、iEMG值均显著升高(P<0.05),且手法组升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 理筋正骨手法结合肌内效贴治疗可缓解急性期肩关节周围炎患者的疼痛,改善肩关节功能。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测食品基质中毒物

目的建立常见食品基质中氰化物等五种毒物的拉曼光谱快速分析方法。方法采用水、乙腈及乙酸乙酯作为提取剂对饮用水、苹果以及烤鸭三种常见食品基质中氰化物、百草枯、毒死蜱、甲拌磷以及敌鼠钠五种毒物进行提取,并使用表面增强拉曼光谱法检测。结果实验表明,每种毒物均有其独特的拉曼信号,这些特征信号可作为其定性的判别依据,氰化物在饮用水、苹果以及烤鸭这三种基质中的检出限均不大于1μg/mL(g);百草枯的检出限在0.05~0.1μg/mL(g)之间;毒死蜱、甲拌磷的检出限在0.05~1μg/mL(g)之间;敌鼠钠检出限在0.1~1μg/mL(g)之间,均满足现场检测需求。结论该方法操作简单且分析速度快,为毒物的快速筛查提供了较好的解决方案。     

Application of forward‐looking infrared (FLIR) imaging from an unmanned aerial platform in the search for decomposing remains

Traditional methods of cadaver detection in outdoor environments include manual ground search, cadaver dogs, and manned aerial reconnaissance during daylight. These methods have limitations; however, a potential low‐cost alternative may be to employ thermal imaging equipment mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect heat emitted by insect and bacterial activity on the decomposing remains. No studies have addressed the influence of wrappings on detection of maggot mass thermal signatures nor assessed thermal detection of smaller body fragments. We addressed these knowledge gaps by utilizing a two‐phase experimental approach to explore thermal detection of carcasses using UAV‐mounted infrared imaging. In Phase 1, pig body fragments were deposited on the surface or shallow buried. In Phase 2, whole pig carcasses were deposited in four conditions: on the surface uncovered, wrapped in plastic or carpet, or buried. Our results demonstrated that observable heat emissions from remains corresponded to peak insect activity during active decay and could be readily detected in uncovered whole carcasses and fragments. Although plastic and carpet wrappings partly impeded detection of insect heat signatures, these materials were clearly detectable themselves because of their contrast to the background ground surface. Thermal signatures of buried partial remains and disturbed gravesoil were also observed; however, the buried whole carcass transitioned to adipocere prior to the decay stage and without any insect colonization or heat signature. These data can inform operational implementation of this technique to complement existing search strategies to offer a robust, low‐cost alternative for use where scene characteristics allow.     

Validity of the use of porcine bone in forensic cut mark studies

Porcine bone is often used as a substitute for human bone in forensic trauma studies, but little has been published on its comparative mechanical behavior. The factors affecting mechanical properties and therefore selection of bone models are complex and include the age of the animal at death, and physiological loading conditions, the latter being of particular relevance when using a quadrupedal animal as a human substitute. The regional variation in hardness of adult and infant porcine bones was investigated using Vickers’ indentation tests and compared to published data for human limb bones to relate differences to inherent genetic effects and loading influences, and to examine the validity of the porcine‐human model. Significant differences in hardness were observed both along and around the adult porcine humerus and femur, but no significant differences were found along the length of the infant bones. Significant differences were found between the forelimb and hindlimb, but only in the infant specimens. The hardness values for porcine adult cortical bone from the femur (52.23 ± 1.00 kg mm^?2) were comparable to those reported in the literature for adult human cortical bone from the fibula, ilium, and calcaneus. These data will help inform subject selection in terms of both species and bone type for use in future trauma studies.     

Diplomatic Wisdom

正Though unfamiliar to most Westerners,the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are highly acclaimed diplomatic tenets in China and many other developing countries.The principles—mutual respect for sover-eignty and territorial integrity,mutual non-aggression,non-interference in each other’s internal affairs,equality and mutual benefit,and peaceful coexistence—were reaffirmed     

The integrity of religious believers

ABSTRACT

According to Cécile Laborde, persons with religious commitments that are incidentally burdened by generally applicable laws should, under certain circumstances, be provided with an exemption from those laws. Laborde’s justification for this view is that religious commitments are a type of commitment with which a person must comply if she is to maintain her integrity. I argue that Laborde’s account is insufficiently demanding in terms of the other-regarding attitudes it expects people to have before they can make claims to exemptions based on their integrity. The reason it is insufficiently demanding is that Laborde’s account rests on what I call a ‘non-moralised’ view of integrity. I raise some criticisms of this view and defend the alternative, ‘moralised’ view of integrity, according to which the value of a religious person’s integrity depends on whether the practice she wishes to perform complies with certain moral constraints.     

环境法体系中的自然保护地立法

作为正在制定过程中的新兴环境立法,自然保护地法、国家公园法等自然保护地立法与环境法体系中的其他法律存在发生规范冲突和赘余的可能,有必要明确其价值定位以及相应的规范表达。在生态文明入宪、入环境基本法的背景下,环境基本法的保护优先原则和综合治理原则内含对优先保护生态整体性的价值期待,需要自然保护地立法予以表达。相较于污染防治法与资源保护法,自然保护地立法以生态环境保护为根本调整目标,且具有调整对象的系统性和调整方式的调适性,契合优先保护生态整体性的需要。为落实这一价值期待,自然保护地立法需构建以分区定保护级别制度、总行为控制制度为核心的制度体系,并采用“自然保护地基本法+各类自然保护地特别法”的总分结构。