人体体表损伤法医学鉴定软件开发及应用

通过运用人体体表损伤法医学鉴定软件,进行各种体表损伤和瘢痕面积、长度、骨折畸形愈合角度和关节活动度等测算。用于人体轻伤和重伤、交通事故损伤、工伤、军人伤残、意外伤害保险等损伤程度的法医学鉴定,亦可用于临床烧烫伤等损伤面积和程度准确计算。本软件基于 Windows平台,应用 Visual Basic6.0编程,设计了扫描照片、数码照相、联机摄象和鼠标多种录入损伤图象路径,打印输出图文格式化鉴定书。测算结果具客观性和重复性好,克服了传统方法的弊端。软硬件环境通用,界面友好,简单易学。经数家法医学鉴定机构 3年多的两百多例实际检案应用,取得了较好的社会效益。     

荧光黄湿粉显现手印方法的初步研究

目的研发一种具有荧光特性的黄湿粉,以提取遗留在不同客体上的不同种类的手印。方法在100mL温水中加入适量的表面活性剂,溶解后加入100g荧光黄颜料,选用不同种类客体及不同种类物质手印进行显现实验,比较显现效果;结果遗留在光滑非渗透性客体及半渗透性客体表面的汗潜、油潜手印,显出的手印纹线流畅、反差强、荧光强;结论荧光黄湿粉可适用于光滑非渗透性客体及半渗透性客体表面新鲜或较新鲜汗潜手印、油潜手印及血潜手印的显现。     

Forensic Age-at-Death Estimation from the Human Sacrum*

Abstract: A new method is described here that incorporates seven developmental and degenerative changes for estimating chronological age from morphological features of the human sacrum. The construction of this method involved multiple stages of trait identification, character-state definition and age correlation, rank-order phase development, and percent-correct sample testing with phase and sample aggregation, all of which resulted in a six-phase component system for application on modern individuals. This phase system was first developed on European American male and female samples from the Hamann-Todd collection; then tested on African American male and female Hamann-Todd samples as well as European American male and females from the WM Bass collection to examine possible sex and/or ancestry differences. Variation in age estimates due to sex and ancestry was negligible; thus, the multiple samples were all pooled creating a robust method with a large sample size. Overall age ranges increase in width at two standard deviations as is expected from degenerative age-related processes but retain utility in forensic situations.     

Taphonomic Effects of Vulture Scavenging*

Abstract: From July through September 2007, three pig carcasses (Sus scrofa), weighing between 27 and 63 kg were placed outside in a grassy area in central Texas. A surrounding fence prevented entrance by terrestrial scavengers, while allowing avian scavengers unrestricted access. A fourth pig carcass served as a control for the rate of decomposition and was placed in a cage that prevented terrestrial and avian animal access. Modification of the carcasses was recorded through the use of two motion‐sensing digital cameras and daily on‐site observations. American black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) waited c. 24 h before beginning to scavenge and completely skeletonized the carcasses in 3 to 27 h of feeding, leaving scratches on the bones. The accelerated rate of decomposition and the signature markings on the bones should be considered when interpreting taphonomic events and determining an accurate postmortem interval at vulture‐modified scenes.     

试论刘少奇廉政建设思想

刘少奇认为党执政以后,必须加强廉政建设,对此他进行了初步的探索,分析了腐败现象产生的主要原因,提出了提高执政党党员标准,对党员干部实施系统教育,党政分开,加强法制建设,取消领导干部特权,废除领导职务终身制的重要思想。     

强化荣辱意识 培育四有新人

树立社会主义荣辱观和加强思想道德建设是当前我国社会主义先进文化建设的重要任务.通过树立社会主义荣辱观培育四有新人以提高民族的自主创新能力,是解决我国经济社会发展中突出问题的有效途径.     

监狱文化建设：误区、要素与原则

现代化文明监狱所要求的和谐、人文精神促进了监狱文化建设，但是，监狱文化建设中出现了诸多的误区，使监狱文化失去了由长期积淀而形成的自身文化特色。监狱文化建设必须体现文化的本质内涵，体现文化的厚重性。必须突出体现无声的语言、历史、天时、地利、人和、己和这六大要素；必须遵循整体性、人本性、矫正教育原则。     

Chronic Alcohol Abuse Leads to Low Bone Mass with No General Loss of Bone Structure or Bone Mechanical Strength,

Chronic alcohol abuse (CAA) has deleterious effects on skeletal health. This study examined the impact of CAA on bone with regard to bone density, structure, and strength. Bone specimens from 42 individuals with CAA and 42 individuals without alcohol abuse were obtained at autopsy. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA), compression testing, ashing, and bone histomorphometry were performed. Individuals with CAA had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck and significantly lower bone volume demonstrated by thinner trabeculae, decreased extent of osteoid surfaces, and lower mean wall thickness of trabecular osteons compared to individuals without alcohol abuse. No significant difference was found for bone strength and structure. Conclusion: CAA leads to low bone mass due to a decrease in bone formation but with no destruction of bone architecture nor a decrease in bone strength. It is questionable whether this per se increases fracture risk.     

A Modified Electrostatic Adsorption Apparatus for Latent Fingerprint Development on Unfired Cartridge Cases

Visualization of latent fingerprints on metallic surfaces by the method of applying electrostatic charging and adsorption is considered as a promising chemical‐free method, which has the merit of nondestruction, and is considered to be effective for some difficult situations such as aged fingerprint deposits or those exposed to environmental extremes. In fact, a portable electrostatic generator can be easily accessible in a local forensic technology laboratory, which is already widely used in the visualization of footwear impressions. In this study, a modified version of this electrostatic apparatus is proposed for latent fingerprint development and has shown great potential in visualizing fingerprints on metallic surfaces such as cartridge cases. Results indicate that this experimental arrangement can successfully develop aged latent fingerprints on metal surfaces, and we demonstrate its effectiveness compared with existing conventional fingerprint recovery methods.