Assessment of STR Typing Success Rate in Soft Tissues from Putrefied Bodies Based on a Quantitative Grading System for Putrefaction

To date, there is no systematic investigation of the association of short tandem repeat (STR) typing success rate in soft tissues with different signs of putrefaction. Herein, putrefaction was rated using a newly developed 19‐parameter system in soft tissues from a collective of 68 decaying bodies, and DNA yield was determined in 408 samples. DNA integrity was rated using a self‐devised pentaplex PCR generating an “integrity score” (S_i). STR typing success rate was then assessed for selected cases. DNA yield and S_i differed significantly between tissues with kidney on average exhibiting the highest S_i values. Statistical analysis revealed that nine parameters were significantly and positively correlated with S_i. The observed values for each of these nine parameters were summed up to generate a putrefaction score (S_p) for each sample. Our results show that STR typing success rate can be predicted based on S_p before expensive multiplex STR profiling is performed.     

重评礼刑合一的法制构架

学界的主流意见认为,中华法系的主要特征在于法律与道德相融合,“诸法合体、民刑不分”,不融于源自西方的现代法治,某种程度上甚至构成现代法治追求的障碍。这种认识未能深入中华帝国法制构架形成的历史动因,从而也就难以理解和揭示帝国立法的理性方面及其所蕴含的政治智慧。从中华帝国政治使命实现的视角去审视其“礼刑合一”的法制架构,就不仅能洞见它与“三代”礼乐文化传统的契合无间,更能准确把握这一法制架构的理性特征。帝国法制架构的泛刑罚化现象根源于帝国安全的军事化政治使命的实现,具有自治性的礼制规范的创立与维护同样关涉帝国安全与秩序的稳定。这是值得现代人们珍视的古代立法智慧。传统法制之现代转型的成功则有赖于政治家和立法者之现代世界观的真正确立。     

鼻骨骨折影像学检查方法与法医学鉴定

本文从影像学检查方法的不同,重点对鼻骨骨折的影像学特点进行论述,比较了各种影像学检查方法的优劣。在法医学鉴定中,应根据实际情况,选择更优质的影像学检查,注意与正常的解剖变异相区别,并提出根据鼻骨骨折的影像分型进行法医学伤情鉴定的依据。     

青少年骨龄鉴定及其相关问题

本文综述了骨龄研究和应用历史,以及骨龄评测的新方法和新技术,讨论了骨骼发育的影响因素、骨龄标准时效性、骨龄评测部位选择及法医骨龄鉴定等相关问题。     

中国汉族女性青少年法医学活体骨龄推断数学模型的建立

目的建立推断中国汉族女性青少年活体骨龄的数学模型。方法摄取华中、华南及华东等地区的838名年龄介于11～20周岁正常女性青少年双侧锁骨胸骨端以及左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节的X线片。依据青少年骨发育分级标准对24项骨骼发育指标进行阅片、分级,结合考虑身高、体质量及地区等影响因素．应用SAS8．1及SPSS11．0软件进行统计学处理,探索各指标与年龄的相关性。结果建立了我国汉族女性青少年利用锁骨胸骨端及6大关节骨骺闭合程度联合推断活体年龄的多元回归数学模型．推导出判定我国汉族女性青少年是否已满14、16和18周岁的Fisher’S两类判别分析方程。结论本研究所建立的判定活体年龄的数学模型丰富了活体年龄的法医学鉴定方法,有利于提高活体骨龄鉴定方法的科学性和结论的准确性。     

A soft-tissue calcification: differential diagnosis and pathogenesis

An autopsy of a 72-year-old white male revealed a 30.5 x 5.1 cm vertically aligned heterotopic ossification just deep to a 30.5 cm midline abdominal scar. The ossified mass was determined to be a heterotopic ossification or myostitis ossificans (MO) traumatica resulting from an abdominal surgical incision during life. While, MO traumatica is relatively common accounting for roughly 60-75% of patients with soft-tissue ossification, heterotopic ossification of abdominal incisions are relatively rare and thus infrequently reported. This article details the manifestation of this relatively large heterotopic bone and provides a comprehensive review of the literature and pathogenesis of this unusual ossification. A review of the English literature from 1920 to the present produced only a handful of articles for a total of 185 reported cases. All had bone formed within vertical incisions, usually within 1 year of surgery, and 89% were males. Knowledge of this phenomenon and the variable size at presentation is useful to both the autopsy pathologist and the anthropologist in generating a diagnosis for abnormal calcifications.     

The Scientific Integrity of Applied Research

This paper reviews some of the threats to scientific independence in the Netherlands that have recently alerted the scientific community. The problems are not only apparent in research requested by the government or local authorities; they are also found in a variety of research fields. They are essentially related to the increasing dearth of research funding in the universities. In Europe in general, and the Netherlands in particular, there are no large, independent research foundations which exist elsewhere, so research funding generally depends on funding by government, local authorities or industry. The problem has long been underappreciated and no effective action has been taken. However, more recently and as a consequence of media reports, a number of drastic measures are being taken. This paper deals first with the nature of the threats to the integrity of scientific research, and then reviews the type of actions that have been, and could be taken.     

近年来关于马克思主义整体性研究综述

从整体性角度解读马克思主义成为经济社会发展的要求。近年来，学术界围绕马克思主义整体性问题，主要阐述了传统马克思主义三分法的局限性、马克思主义与传统马克思主义“三分法”的关系以及对马克思主义整体性认识的代表性观点。     

十八届三中全会后关于党建问题的若干思考

中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心,是中国各项事业成功的保证。推动当下中国的改革与发展,关键在党。在当前改革处于攻坚的时期,面对全新的任务和挑战,进一步加强党的建设,更好地完成党的执政使命也是中国进行全面深化改革的关键之一。为此,要坚持思想建设的重要地位不动摇,确保正确改革方向;坚持民主集中制,完善党的领导体制和执政方式;加强党风反腐倡廉建设,推进发展廉洁政治。     

人体体表损伤面积及关节活动角度智能测量与辅助鉴定系统开发应用

本系统由图像采集、分析处理、档案管理、报告生成、联机帮助五个子系统组成。图像采集采用摄像录入,可以支持数码相机、扫描仪录入。面积计算采用模式识别技术标定边界“曲面坐标网格法”直接计算损伤面积。关节活动角度测量允许交点不在图像内,用终止用与起始角相减获得关节活动角度,对四肢及脊柱活动均能较准确测量。