14岁青少年手腕骨发育的研究Ⅱ.女生骨龄标准的制定

目的研究我国当前青少年手腕骨发育状况,探讨制定专用于法医学推断女性刑事责任年龄14岁的骨龄标准。方法以湖南冷水江地区青少年为对象,按照纳入标准,选取14岁±3个月的健康女性中学生110名,拍摄其左手腕部后前位X线片。选择手腕骨15个部位,按照统一标准进行观察、测量,采用最大百分比法确定发育等级标准,建立骨龄评估方法,以单盲法进行验证。结果桡骨,中排第三、第四指骨干骺端发育等级为部分闭合（〉2/3为主）,其余掌指骨干骺端发育等级则以完全闭合残留骺线痕迹为主;对于中排第三、四指骨,不足14岁和已满14岁发育等级尚存差异,不足14岁组骨骺发育以部分闭合（〉2/3为主）为主,已满14岁组则以残存骺线痕迹为主。各个观察部位骨骺横径宽于干骺横径。30例的验证结果准确率为83.3%。结论根据发育等级特征及测量学方法建立骨龄标准准确性较好。     

信息时代高校图书馆馆员素质及培养

信息时代高校图书馆馆员应具备信息素质、思想道德素质、职业道德素质、业务素质、身心素质等，本文结合目前高校图书馆馆员素质的现状，阐述馆员素质培养的必要性．并提出高校图书馆馆员素质培养的有效方法。     

嫖宿幼女罪分解归入强奸罪与猥亵儿童罪及立法修订研究

嫖宿幼女罪的客观方面分别与强奸罪和猥亵儿童罪的一部分相重合,可以将该罪归入后两个犯罪中,减少冗余罪名及引发的司法适用中的矛盾和民众的不满。这样处理对幼女的身心健康的法益保护范围不会减少,而定罪界限更加明确。归入两罪后,对强奸罪中嫖宿幼女量刑情节进一步细化,通过刑法修订增设猥亵儿童罪加重的构成要件,能够进一步有效从严打击相关犯罪。     

Has Public Administration Grown Up? The Road to Maturation

Abstract

Public administration has not yet become adult. It exhibits many of the signs of adolescence. These signs most clearly are self-doubt and continuous adoption of the newest fad. Also the field has not come to terms with its content, so it breaks into smaller and smaller units, each with a different name considered superior to the others. Yet all have much in common. The field needs to come back together in order to move toward adulthood, which will best be realized by linking public administration and democracy. Shakespeare's call for justice seems an appropriate challenge.     

Mathematical Models for Teenager’s Living Age Evaluation Based on CT Image of Medial Clavicular Epiphysis

Objective To explore the correlation between volume rendering(VR) statistics of medial clavicular epiphysis and living age,and establish the mathematical models for living age evaluation using the CT image of medial clavicular epiphysis based on the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle.Methods The CT images of the medial clavicles from 795 teenagers aged 15-25,387 males and 408 females,were collected in East and South China.VR 3D images were reconstructed from 0.60 mm-thick slice CT images.The epiphyseal diameter,sternal end diameter,and their respective diameter ratio(the left: x 1;the right: x 3);epiphyseal area,sternal end area,and their respective area ratio(the left: x 2;the right: x 4),were measured and calculated.All these observations were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software.The statistical differences in gender and age were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.The mathematical models were established using least square.Sixty trained subjects,30 males and 30 females,were tested to verify the accuracy of the established mathematical models.Results In the group of same age,x 1 showed significant difference in gender;the same results were observed in x 2,x 3,and x 4,which suggested that the growth rules of osteoepiphysis of medial clavicle were highly correlated with living age.The accuracy of these mathematical models were all above 67.6%(±1.0 year) and 78.5%(±1.5 year).Conclusion The mathematical models with reasonable accuracy could be manageable in practice to confirm the conclusion of the atlas method.The current study can contribute to the single skeletal age evaluation.     

注重培育高校大学生信息素养

一些大学生在面对新媒体产生的冗繁复杂的信息时，出现了信息i人知偏差、信息判断失误、信息道德失范等问题，不利于其正确价值观的形成与塑造。作为培养人、塑造人的高校，应从以下几方面加强大学生信息素养的培育：制订科学、有效的信息素养培育方案，建立健全系统的信息素养培育课程体系，探索开展信息素养培育的在线培养模式以及注重培育大学生的信息实践能力。     

Forensic age estimation on digital X-ray images: Medial epiphyses of the clavicle and first rib ossification in relation to chronological age

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in forensic sciences about forensic age estimation in living subjects by means of radiological methods. This research was conducted on digital thorax X-rays to test the usefulness of some radiological changes in the clavicle and first rib. The sample consisted in a total of 123 subjects of Spanish origin (61 men and 62 women; age range: 5-75 years). From all subjects, a thorax posterior-anterior radiograph was obtained in digital format. Scoring for fusion of medial epiphyses of the clavicle was carried out by Schmeling's system and ossification of the costal cartilage of the first rib by Michelson's system. Degree of ossification and epiphyseal fusion were analyzed in relation with known age and sex of these subjects. The results give a minimum age of >20 years for full fusion of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle (Stages 4 and 5). Concerning the first rib, all subjects with the final Stage 3 of ossification were above 25 years of age. These results suggest that the first rib ossification might become an additional method to the ones so far recommended for forensic age estimation in subjects around 21. New research would be desirable to confirm this suggestion.     

Multivariate analysis for estimating the age of a bloodstain

Our objective is to provide crime laboratories with a technique for estimating the age of a bloodstain. Toward that goal, we have used multiplexed, real-time RT-PCR (or qPCR) to determine the relative stability of different-sized segments of the same RNA species as well as differences in stability between two different RNAs' change over time in bloodstains. Our results indicate that a multivariate analysis of the changing ratio of the different RNA segments can be used to differentiate between samples of different ages in the defined population. Bloodstains from 29 of 30 donors could be partitioned into different ages using this technique. Although further improvements will be required before this approach can be implemented in crime laboratories, the multivariate analysis holds promise of providing a reliable approach for temporally linking a bloodstain to the commission of a crime or excluding a bloodstain as being irrelevant to the case in question.     

Evaluation of age estimation technique: testing traits of the acetabulum to estimate age at death in adult males

This study evaluates the accuracy and precision of a skeletal age estimation method, using the acetabulum of 100 male ossa coxae from the Grant Collection (GRO) at the University of Toronto, Canada. Age at death was obtained using Bayesian inference and a computational application (IDADE2) that requires a reference population, close in geographic and temporal distribution to the target case, to calibrate age ranges from scores generated by the technique. The inaccuracy of this method is 8 years. The direction of bias indicates the acetabulum technique tends to underestimate age. The categories 46-65 and 76-90 years exhibit the smallest inaccuracy (0.2), suggesting that this method may be appropriate for individuals over 40 years. Eighty-three percent of age estimates were ±12 years of known age; 79% were ±10 years of known age; and 62% were ±5 years of known age. Identifying a suitable reference population is the most significant limitation of this technique for forensic applications.     

Dental age assessment: the applicability of Demirjian method in eastern Turkish children

In the literature, little is known about the applicability of this method in Turkish children. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the reliability of Demirjian method of age estimation when used for eastern Turkish children. A retrospective study was performed on a sample of panoramic radiographs taken from 807 healthy eastern Turkish children. The stages of dental maturity of the mandibular left seven permanent teeth for each subject using the eight radiographic dental maturity stages demonstrated by Demirjian were evaluated. A paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean difference between the chronological and dental ages ranged from 0.2 to 1.9 years in girls and from 0.4 to 1.3 years in boys. The differences between the chronological and dental ages were statistically significant in all age groups. The applicability of Demirjian method is not suitable for eastern Turkish population.