信息时代侵害隐私权的民事救济

信息时代我国隐私保护的突出问题表现在保护环境恶劣、商业公司不尊重客户隐私、个人对自身隐私保护不重视三个方面。对侵害隐私权最重要的救济体现在民事责任的落实和实现上，我国法律所规定的十种民事责任形式中，除两种典型的合同责任形式外，其余均可适用于信息时代的隐私侵权责任。对隐私侵权的精神损害赔偿应确定必要补偿、适当补偿和自由裁量三个原则，具体的赔偿金数额应当综合考虑多种因素予以确定。     

马克思晚年存在一个"人类学转向"吗——中国特色马克思文本学的个案研究

长期以来,国内外学界的流行观点认为,马克思晚年对摩尔根等人类学家著作所作的篇幅巨大的笔记,表明了他晚年时期的一个新的研究动向——放弃唯物史观原有立场和《资本论》创作,转向实证科学、经验科学色彩的"人类学研究"。实际上,这种看法是不能成立的,马克思在其晚年笔记中并未转向所谓"人类学研究,"而是立足于唯物史观的原有理论和方法,从历史哲学层次,概括、借鉴人类学家的最新科学成就,系统探索唯物史观的新研究领域——国家与文明起源理论、原始社会理论。"人类学转向说"不符合马克思晚年思想的实际状况,是对马克思晚年笔记严重误读的产物。     

复兴时代人道主义思想简论

复兴时代的人道主义是后来的世俗人道主义的一个主要来源,它的总的理论倾向是反对基督教神学与教会,反对封建制度,提倡人的高贵与尊严、独立与自由意志,主张实现个人价值与发展个人才能;它批判了柏拉图主义与基督教神学的禁欲主义的观点,鼓励人们追求快乐与现实幸福;它讴歌财富与劳动,主张积极生活,鼓吹人们参与商业与政治活动,建立不朽的功勋与荣誉。所有这些都预示着一个新时代的来临。     

Homer蛋白的研究进展及法医学应用

Homer蛋白由Homer 1~3基因编码,属于新发现的突触后密度蛋白家族成员,其所有剪切变异体可分为长、短两种亚型,在调控兴奋性突触的结构和功能及细胞内信号转导中发挥关键作用。作为即早基因表达产物的短亚型Homer la,在癫痫、高频刺激及发育过程中可通过海马或皮层神经元的兴奋性突触活动,快速短暂地诱导其表达增加。大鼠弥漫性脑损伤后可诱导大脑皮层神经元Homer la表达动态上调。本文简述其结构、分布、功能、研究进展、存在问题及其在法医学上的应用。     

对我国刑事责任年龄概念的反思与重构

传统的刑事责任年龄定义存在着概念过窄等诸多缺陷,不但不利于司法实践工作,也不利于我国刑事责任年龄立法的完善。笔者通过刑事责任年龄与刑事责任的内在联系的分析,对我国刑事责任年龄概念进行了重新界定。     

根据足跟皮肤角化程度判断人体年龄的研究

经常行走的人,脚跟的皮肤表面存在一个角化程度较为显著的区域,它的大小随着年龄的增长增大,通过测量和计算,可以推断人体年龄.     

New formulae for estimating age-at-death in the Balkans utilizing Lamendin's dental technique and Bayesian analysis

The present study analyzed apical translucency and periodontal recession on single-rooted teeth in order to generate age-at-death estimations using two inverse calibration methods and one Bayesian method. The three age estimates were compared to highlight inherent problems with the inverse calibration methods. The results showed that the Bayesian analysis reduced severity of several problems associated with adult skeletal age-at-death estimations. The Bayesian estimates produced a lower overall mean error, a higher correlation with actual age, reduced aging bias, reduced age mimicry, and reduced the age ranges associated with the most probable age as compared to the inverse calibration methods for this sample. This research concluded that periodontal recession cannot be used as a univariate age indicator, due to its low correlation with chronological age. Apical translucency yielded a high correlation with chronological age and was concluded to be an important age indicator. The Bayesian approach offered the most appropriate statistical analysis for the estimation of age-at-death with the current sample.     

A new approach to amino acid racemization in enamel: testing of a less destructive sampling methodology

Aspartic acid racemization has been found to be an accurate measure of age at death for recent forensic material. This paper examines the practicality of using acid etching of the tooth surface to extract amino acids from the enamel for racemization analysis. By serial etching of the tooth and contamination of the teeth with bovine serum albumin prior to etching, the ability of etching to remove contamination was assessed. The destructiveness of the method was visualized and quantified using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). By bleaching the teeth and by deeper etching it was possible to obtain more consistent values. While etching had little effect on the enamel at the macroscale, it did have an impact at the microscale. The quantities of enamel removed varied depending upon the tooth morphology, but were not large. Acid etching of enamel thus appears to be a promising new method for extracting proteins for amino acid racemization age estimation noninvasively.     

Ossification of laryngeal structures as indicators of age

As the role of forensic anthropologists expands to the medical examiner setting, their expertise is being applied beyond the traditional dry skeletal material. In such scenarios radiographic techniques can be applied when maceration is not appropriate. This study explores the use of radiographic analysis of laryngeal structures for age-at-death determination. Isolated human laryngeal structures (n = 104) from individuals between the ages of 15 and 89 were removed at autopsy and radiographically examined. The cricoid and individual regions of the thyroid cartilage were scored according to degree of ossification, and the relationship between age and degree of ossification statistically examined. A previously published study on age-determination from thyroid ossification by Cerny was assessed for accuracy. The results of the study indicate that although a consistent sequence in the ossification of laryngeal structures exists, variations in timing does not permit narrow age range estimates. Consequently the method presented by Cerny is inaccurate and should not be used in the forensic setting.     

年龄推断的研究现状

推断年龄目前主要依据人体骨骼、软组织、细胞和生物大分子,以及组织中各类物质的物理和化学特性等随年龄增长的时序性变化。由于生物体各组织器官生长发育的生理性变化及其影响因素极为复杂,不同推断年龄的方法均有其应用价值,但也都存在一定的局限性,在法医学实际检案中如果能综合运用,可提高年龄推断的准确性。本文回顾国内外年龄推断现状,并对各种推断方法进行讨论。