Skull Fracture with Brain Expulsion in a One-Level Jumping-Fall

Abstract:  Here presented is the case of a one-level jumping-fall with extensive skull fractures and brain expulsion. The body was found on the basement floor at the foot of the stairs. At the autopsy, the skull was extensively fractured, with about half of the brain expulsed several feet away from the body. The cause of death was established as a craniocerebral trauma with brain expulsion. The circumstances and manner of death were still unclear at that time. A low fall seemed very unlikely considering the severity of the skull and brain damage. The police investigation clearly revealed that the man, in a paranoid psychotic state, attacked his wife with a knife and then was witnessed by his children to have hit his head several times with a hammer. Afterwards, they saw him running to the top of the basement stairs and jumping to the bottom of the stairs head first.     

Macroscopic Analysis of Axe and Hatchet Trauma in Fleshed and Defleshed Mammalian Long Bones*

Abstract: Recently, the authors have noted that many studies involving the characterization of chopping weapon wounds have used either semi‐fleshed or defleshed bones (e.g., J Forensic Sci 2001; 46: 228). As these types of specimens do not reflect the full range of actual cases of postmortem dismemberment or perimortem trauma, 11 fresh pig (Sus scrofa) articulated hind limbs, with contiguous surrounding flesh, were inflicted with wounds using two axes and two hatchets. Defleshed humeri and femora were subjected to the same treatment. While there were no great differences found between the fleshed and defleshed specimens, characteristics observed including entrance site width and the presence of chattering were inconsistent with some aspects of Humphrey and Hutchinson’s study (J Forensic Sci 2001; 46: 228). Further, it was found that curve transverse and spiral fractures were prevalent in femora, while longitudinal fractures were prevalent in fibulae. Hence, fracture types may play a role in characterizing some wounds caused by chopping weapons.     

Trauma Resilience Training for Police: Psychophysiological and Performance Effects

The objective of this study is to test the effects of police trauma resilience training on stress and performance during a critical incident police work simulation. Rookie police officers (N = 18) participated in a randomized trial of a 10-week imagery and skills training program versus training as usual. Twelve months later, psychophysiological stress and police work performance were assessed during a live critical incident simulation. Training resulted in significantly less negative mood, less heart rate reactivity, a larger increase in antithrombin, and better police performance compared to controls. Trends for cortisol and self-reported stress also suggested benefits of training. This novel training program is a promising paradigm for improving police well-being, stress resiliency, and optimizing job performance.     

人脑挫伤后波形蛋白表达的免疫组化染色观察

目的观察人脑挫伤后波形蛋白（vimentin,Vim）的动态变化,探讨星形胶质细胞Vim表达变化与脑损伤时间的关系。方法42例闭合性脑损伤死亡者,根据伤后死亡时间分为6组（〈2h,〈24h,〈3d,〈7d,〈14d,≤30d）;取大脑挫伤灶进行HE和Vim免疫组织化学染色,对Vim染色阳性细胞面积进行图像分析。结果HE染色显示,脑挫伤后2h挫伤灶内脑组织挫碎、出血,5．5h挫伤灶周出现反应性星形胶质细胞,3d脑水肿明显,7d反应性星形胶质细胞明显增多,14d胶质结节形成,30d出现大量泡沫细胞,胶质瘢痕增多。Vim染色结果显示,脑挫伤后5．5hVim开始表达,少量Vim阳性细胞出现在挫伤灶周围,7d阳性反应性最强,14d逐渐下降,30d胶质瘢痕增多,Vim阳性表达又增强。Vim阳性细胞主要为反应性星形胶质细胞。结论Vim在反应性星形胶质细胞内表达呈现一定波动性,其表达部位在脑挫伤周围,Vim免疫组化染色结合图像分析技术可作为推断脑挫伤时间及部位的参考指标。     

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subsequent Substance Abuse in a Sample of Sexual Offenders: Implications for Treatment and Prevention

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of substance abuse indicators in a sample of male sexual offenders (N = 679) and to examine the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the likelihood of substance abuse outcomes. Half of these sex offenders reported a history of drug or alcohol abuse, and nearly one in five reported a substance-related arrest. Higher ACE scores were associated with endorsement of a greater number of substance-abuse-related problems, suggesting that accumulation of early trauma may increase the likelihood for substance misuse. By enhancing our understanding of the frequency and antecedents of dynamic risk factors such as substance abuse, we can better devise clinical interventions that respond to the comprehensive needs of sexually abusive individuals and reduce risk for sexual reoffense. As well, early interventions for at-risk families and maltreated youth may interrupt their trajectory toward adulthood substance abuse and criminal behavior, including sex offending.     

Conceptualizing the Harms Done to Children Made the Subjects of Sexual Abuse Images Online

The innovation of the Internet and the proliferation of new digital technologies in everyday life have unfortunately created more opportunities for the sexual abuse of children and especially the global distribution of child sexual abuse images online (CSAIO). Most of the current therapeutic interventions being used were designed to treat ‘conventional’ sexual abuse trauma. Victims of CSAIO may experience ongoing trauma because the recordings of their abuse have the potential to be endlessly viewed and shared by those with a sexual interest in children some of whom may be known to them. However, little is known about the potential psychological harm to victims, the extent to which existing trauma treatment modalities are applicable to them, or what modifications of these treatments may be required for effective treatment. This paper explores current ways of understanding the harms done to the victims of CSAIO and presents cautions and recommendations for moving forward.     

PDGFR-β在大鼠闭合性脑损伤中的表达

目的 观察液压冲击脑损伤后血小板衍生生长因子受体(PDGFR-β)的表达变化。方法 复制大鼠闭合性脑损伤模型,应用免疫组化和图像分析技术观察并分析大鼠脑损伤后不同时间PDGFR-β的表达情况。结果 脑损伤后1h即见PDGFR-β的表达上调,于4d达到高峰,14d时接近但仍高于对照组。结论 液压冲击脑损伤后PDGFR-β表达上调及其变化,与脑损伤后经过时间有关。     

外伤与肺部感染5例尸检分析

外伤与肺部感染５例尸检分析刘新社，张迪（１．西安医科大学法医系；西安７１００６１２．黑龙江省绥化地区中级人民法院；绥化１５２０００）ＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＨＩＰＢＥＴＷＥＥＮＴＲＡＵＭＡＡＮＤＬＵＮＧＩＮＦＥＣＴＩＯＮ：ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＦ５ＣＡＳＥＳ￥...     

用电子计算机图象处理方法测定人体体表损伤面积

本研究从应用出发，以摄像头和扫描仪作为输入源，用计算机Ｃ语言开发了对不规则形状的人体体表损伤面积的大小和灰度进行测定的应用软件。该软件具有操作简单、速度快和正确性好等特点。本研究工作的成果已初步应用于我所法医临床伤害鉴定的实践。     

大鼠弥漫性脑损伤中血管内皮生长因子表达变化的实验研究

目的　确定弥漫性脑损伤后脑内血管内皮生长因子的表达变化。　方法　采用Marmarou自由落体装置撞击大鼠颅骨制作弥漫性脑损伤模型 ,伤后 1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、5d、7d取脑组织 ,用免疫组织化学S-P法染色并用MISA图像分析系统进行图像分析。　结果　脑损伤后VEGF表达变化分为两个阶段 :第一阶段表达峰值为伤后 6h ,阳性信号位于神经元内 ;第二阶段表达峰值为伤后 5d ,阳性信号除神经元外还可见于胶质细胞。　结论　VEGF在弥漫性脑损伤中表达的时序性变化规律可望为脑损伤形成时间及伤后存活时间提供参考。