NF—κB与神经系统损害的研究进展

神经系统损害在法医学鉴定实践中较为常见，同时也是法医学鉴定的难点之一。近年来，国内外学者试图通过核转录因子-κB（nuclearfactor-kappa B，NF—κB）的激活情况来为神经系统损害程度的法医学鉴定提供客观依据．并研究在神经系统损伤后NF—κB表达的时间变化规律，为法医学损伤时间推断提供新的客观指标。本文综述了脑缺血、脑外伤、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化病等一系列神经系统损害与NF—κB激活的关系、研究进展以及尚需解决的问题。     

脑创宁对脑组织含水量和血脑屏障通透性影响

目的：考察脑创宁对闭合性脑外伤小鼠脑水肿、血脑屏障通透性的作用。方法：采用自由落体法复制闭合性脑外伤小鼠模型，测定脑组织含水量和伊思蓝含量。结果：脑创宁可明显减轻模型小鼠脑水肿程度，降低伊思蓝含量，保护血脑屏障。结论：脑创宁对闭合性脑外僵小鼠脑组织有一定的保护作用。     

高校高水平篮球运动员膝、踝关节损伤的原因与预防

高校高水平篮球运动中 ,运动损伤的发病率是比较高的 ,其损伤部位主要是膝、踝关节。应注意技术动作的合理性 ,加强针对性训练 ,增强安全意识。     

外伤与流产关系的法医学鉴定

外伤后流产的案例在法医鉴定工作中屡见不鲜,而外伤与流产之间的关系及外伤的参与度问题常常是案件争论的焦点。一方面流产受较多因素影响,尤其是早孕期发生率高,另一方面案情具有复杂性和待推定的特点如外力未直接作用于腹部,外伤轻微通常不至于引起流产、流产儿出现畸形,案情不确定或资料不完整等情况给外伤后流产鉴定带来一定难度。通过对证实已孕、外力作用方式作用机制、伤后症状体征出现的时间特点、孕妇自身流产史及病理基础、流产物病理检查相互佐证分析流产与外伤的关系,得出合理结论。     

幼儿全脑潜能的早期智力开发

在素质教育的今天,幼儿全脑潜能的早期智力开发应当作为学前教育研究的核心内容之一受到广泛关注.幼儿关键期全脑潜能的早期智力开发不仅有必要,而且有可能.要搞好幼儿全脑潜能早期智力开发,一方面,要给幼儿提供合理的膳食结构,从而为全脑潜能的开发提供生理物质基础;另一方面,要按照左右脑互补的原则,注意右脑的智力开发.同时,要把握关键期,系统全面地开发全脑潜能.     

Traumatic Injury Pattern Analysis in a Light Rail Transit Death: A Retrospective Case Study

Within the context of medical examiner's offices, forensic anthropologists are increasingly being asked to assist with the interpretation of traumatic skeletal injury. This case study presents an example of trauma analysis performed by forensic anthropologists at the Maricopa County Forensic Science Center in Phoenix, Arizona. The primary goal of this study is to document an uncommon pattern of traumatic injury—severe grinding abrasions of the lower appendage that macroscopically resemble sharp force trauma, especially as observed in dismemberment cases—resulting from an individual being dragged beneath a Light Rail train for c. 1.7 miles. The abraded skeletal elements include a femoral shaft fragment, a femoral head portion, and the right foot. Second, this study aims to illustrate the efficacy of forensic anthropological analysis of patterned skeletal trauma. Finally, this study demonstrates the critical importance of analyzing scene information before drawing conclusions as to the etiology of a traumatic injury pattern.     

Dissecting Thoracic Aortic Hematoma Masquerading as Blunt Force Injury of the Neck

Discoloration of the skin of the anterior and lateral neck may raise suspicion for blunt force injury, particularly cervical compression, in an unwitnessed death. We present a case of an elderly woman with an unwitnessed death at home which highlights an external examination finding of blue/purple discoloration of the skin of the neck and links this finding with those from internal examination at autopsy. Pertinent negatives include absence of conjunctival and mucosal petechiae, absence of cutaneous abrasions of the neck, and absence of contusions of the anterior neck musculature. This case illustrates a natural disease entity, spontaneous dissection of a thoracic aortic hematoma, masquerading as blunt force injury externally and highlights the importance of having an appropriate index of suspicion when triaging jurisdictional cases for postmortem examination to accurately determine cause and manner of death.     

Fatal Injury Caused by a Ram (Ovis Aries) Attack

Animal‐inflicted injuries to humans are a major public health problem around the world resulting in great morbidity, money loss, and mortality. They are related to wild and domestic animals alike. Animals can cause injuries by various mechanisms—biting, stinging, crushing, goring, stomping, butting, kicking, pecking, etc. We present a case of a ram's attack with fatal consequences. A 4‐year‐old, 120 kg jezersko‐sol?ava breed ram with prior history of aggressive behavior inflicted multiple injuries to his 83‐year‐old owner, who died in the hospital a few hours later due to severe blunt force injuries sustained in the attack. The autopsy revealed the cause of death to be multiple injuries of the thorax and the head. Sheep, even though they are not considered aggressive or large farm animals such as cattle and horses, can inflict serious injuries with devastating results.     

Is Fluorescence Under an Alternate Light Source Sufficient to Accurately Diagnose Subclinical Bruising?

This single‐blinded, randomized validation study was conducted to evaluate whether fluorescence under alternate light sources (ALS) is sufficient to diagnose subclinical bruising (bruising not visible under white light). Standardized trauma was induced on randomly selected ventral forearms. On days 1, 7, and 14 investigators independently examined case forearms under white light for perceived bruising and under ALS for fluorescence and compared body maps. 56 case and 62 control forearms (n = 118) were examined. Sensitivity of ALS on days 1, 7, and 14 was 76.8%, 69.6%, and 60.7%, respectively, compared to 69.6%, 60.0%, and 32.1% for white light. The specificity of ALS on days 1, 7, and 14 was 51.6%, 59.7%, and 53.2%, respectively, compared to 71.0%, 81.4%, and 86.9% for white light. ALS has increased sensitivity yet low specificity compared to white light in accurately detecting bruises. Fluorescence under ALS is not sufficient to accurately or responsibly diagnose subclinical bruising.