Early Signs of Fracture Repair in the Human Rib Cage: Implications for Forensic Casework

The decomposed body of a woman discovered beneath a collapsed structure was examined at the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory. Despite a mix of rib fractures with and without indications of healing, it is most likely that all fractures occurred as a result of a single, compressive event. Signs of intramembranous, and possibly direct, fracture healing at the incomplete fractures without signs of endochondral ossification at the complete fractures suggest the individual died very shortly—but not immediately—after injury. Given the case circumstances, the findings inform immediate cause of death. This case study highlights that differential healing as a result of a single event is possible. Further, it illustrates the importance of careful examination of micro‐discontinuities/cracks that can occur in association with major fractures. Fracture healing and dating data are discussed, as is the possible need for critical evaluation of the antemortem/perimortem boundary.     

A Ballistics Examination of Firearm Injuries Involving Breast Implants

This ballistics study examines whether saline breast implants can decrease tissue penetration in firearm injuries. We hypothesize that the fluid column within a saline breast implant can alter bullet velocity and/or bullet pattern of mushrooming. The two experimental groups included saline implants with 7.4 cm projection and a no implant group. The experimental design allowed the bullet to pass‐through an implant and into ballistics gel (n = 10) or into ballistics gel without passage through an implant (n = 11). Shots that passed through an implant had 20.6% decreased penetration distance when compared to shots that did not pass‐through an implant; this difference was statistically significant (31.9 cm vs. 40.2 cm, p < 0.001). Implant group bullets mushroomed prior to gel entry, but the no implant group mushroomed within the gel. Bullet passage through a saline breast implant results in direct bullet velocity reduction and earlier bullet mushrooming; this causes significantly decreased ballistics gel penetration.     

舒心汤治疗舒张性心力衰竭30例临床研究

目的 观察舒心汤治疗舒张性心力衰竭（diastolicheartfailure,DHF）患者的临床疗效,探究其作用机制。方法 将60例DHF患者随机分为对照组（30例）和治疗组（30例）,对照组接受常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规西药治疗的基础上加用舒心汤治疗,疗程2周。观察并比较两组心功能疗效;治疗前后分别测定两组患者超声心动图E/A比值,以及血清脑钠肽（brainnatriureticpeptide,BNP）、一氧化氮（nitricoxide,NO）、内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）水平。结果 两组心功能疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组治疗后E/A比值和血清NO水平均较治疗前显著升高（P＜0.01）,血清BNP和ET-1水平均显著降低（P＜0.01）,治疗组在升高E/A比值和血清NO水平方面显著优于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 舒心汤联合常规西药可以改善DHF患者的心功能,在升高超声心动图E/A比值和血清NO水平方面较常规西药具有明显优势。     

常见中医证型Wilson病患者情绪智力水平与病变脑区相关性

目的 探讨常见中医证型的Wilson病（Wilsons disease,WD）患者情绪智力水平、维度特征及其与病变脑区的相关性。方法 采用情绪智力水平量表（emotional intelligence scale, EIS）对103例肝胆湿热证、痰湿阻络证及肝肾阴虚证WD患者以及47例健康者进行测评,并对WD患者进行颅脑MRI检查。结果 与正常组比较,痰湿阻络证组EIS总分及表达能力、自我管理及管理他人3项因子分均减少（P<0.05）,肝肾阴虚证组EIS总分及全部4项因子分均减少（P<0.05）,肝胆湿热证组EIS总分和各维度因子分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与肝胆湿热证组比较,痰湿阻络证组EIS总分及表达能力因子分减少（P<0.05）,肝肾阴虚证组EIS总分、情绪感觉能力及自我管理因子分减少（P<0.05）;与痰湿阻络证组比较,肝肾阴虚证组EIS总分和各维度因子分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肝胆湿热证WD患者以基底节、脑干、丘脑损伤为主,痰湿阻络证WD患者以基底节、脑干、丘脑损伤为主,肝肾阴虚证WD患者以基底节损伤、脑干损伤、脑萎缩为主。额叶皮质损伤与WD患者EIS总分及表达能力因子分呈正相关（P<0.05）;苍白球损伤与WD患者EIS总分及管理他人因子分呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 痰湿阻络证及肝肾阴虚证WD患者情绪智力水平较低,而肝胆湿热证WD患者情绪智力正常;3种常见中医证型WD患者中,以基底节及脑干损伤较为常见;额叶皮质及苍白球损伤是影响WD患者情绪智力水平的因素。     

川芎嗪微乳的脑靶向性研究

[摘要]目的 制备川芎嗪微乳，初步考察其在小鼠体内的脑靶向性。方法 分别给小鼠口服川芎嗪微乳和川芎嗪片剂混悬液，在给药后不同时点分别观察并比较小鼠脑部川芎嗪的血药浓度。结果 川芎嗪微乳总靶向效率(overall targeting efficiency,TE)=18.75%，川芎嗪片剂混悬液TE=12.25%；靶向指数(targeting index,TI)=606.00%，相对靶向效率(relative overall targeting efficiency,RTE)=53.06%。结论 小鼠口服川芎嗪微乳后，川芎嗪在脑部的含量明显高于小鼠口服川芎嗪片剂混悬液后脑部川芎嗪含量，且川芎嗪在脑部平均滞留时间(mean residence time,MRT)也明显延长，说明川芎嗪微乳具有脑靶向性和缓释性。     

新风胶囊对佐剂性关节炎大鼠心功能及血清和心肌脑利钠肽的影响

目的 观察新风胶囊(Xinfeng Capsules,XFC)对佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant arthritis,AA)大鼠心功能及血清、心肌脑利钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)影响.方法将60只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、甲氨喋呤(methopterin,MTX)组、雷公藤...     

从脑腑"以通为补"论治出血性脑卒中

出血性脑卒中以"瘀血阻滞、脉道不利"为基础,在"血溢脑脉之外"后相继发生瘀血压迫脑髓,内风化火上炎,瘀血化为痰水上蒙清窍,毒损脑髓的病理过程。诸邪弥漫脑腑,阻遏脑络气机,脉道不利,血液减少,脑髓不充,诸症蜂起,实为脑窍被扰失养所致。根据叶天士胃腑"以通为补"的理论,通调脑之气血阴阳,去瘀生新,恢复脑司元神之职,从而达到"阴平阳秘,精神乃治"的状态。