Parties, rules and government legislative control in Central Europe: The case of Poland

A distinguishing feature of Central European polities is a strong policy-shaping role of parliaments. This article demonstrates how party political and procedural factors set the scene for the executive's loss of legislative control in Poland. Parties undermine the governmental grip because of their limited internal cohesion and competitive coalitional strategies. Parliamentary rules reinforce such party effects. The executive can shield its bills from amendments by relying mainly on partisan controls, not formal privileges. But, as an analysis of over 300 bills shows, when party discipline and coalition cooperation are in short supply, partisan controls are ineffective as instruments of legislative control.     

From dictatorship to democracy: the US and regime change in Paraguay, 1954–1994

Abstract— This paper seeks to analyse the external sources of democratisation in Paraguay, specifically how the US contributed to regime change in that country. In the small and vulnerable countries of Latin America, like in Central America, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Paraguay, where the US played a portentous role in the rise, consolidation and demise of authoritarian regimes during the Cold War, Washington has also rendered a vital, but often neglected role, in protecting and enhancing democratic rule. This paper also provides an analysis of the different forms of leverage exercised by the US before and during Paraguay's transition.     

多民族共存与民族歧视——当代东南亚族际关系的两个侧面

互为依存的经济生活使各民族共生共荣,历史文化的差异又使民族歧视普遍存在,当代东南亚族际关系的两面性和复杂性与政治、经济发展的不平衡相互交织,共同作用于战后本地区的历史进程,并使东南亚成为当今世界族际关系变幻莫测的地区之一.     

试论台海局势缓和对东北亚地区安全形势的影响

中国政府的积极努力,马英九政府对海峡两岸政策的调整,促成了台海局势由紧张对峙到逐步缓和。台海局势缓和不仅缓解了台湾岛内及国际反华分裂势力蓄意利用"台湾牌"造成的东北亚地区紧张形势;而且为海峡两岸与东北亚地区的进一步合作提供了极好的发展契机。实践证明:由于台湾地缘具有的重要性,台海局势缓和是直接关系到海峡两岸和东北亚地区的安全和稳定的重要因素。     

"法团主义"模式下的工会角色

在观察团体冲突方面,人们熟悉的凡个理论模型都肯定了冲突的存在,但关于解决冲突的结论很不相同.法团主义提出,利益团体的竞争已经造成了冲突膨胀、社会团体的代表范围狭窄.团体间相互排斥.甚至分裂等严重的政治问题.故需要建立一个以国家作为中心的统合结构,重新整合利益团体的行为秩序.这个秩序要求在国家和社会功能组织之间,建立常规性的互动体系,让社会团体成为传输基层信息的通道,行使协调国家和公民关系的职能,从而将利益代表团体统合进国家的决策体系中.工会作为社会功能组织之一,应当在国家和职工之间担当这样的角色.     

国际私法中最密切联系原则本质浅析

民商法是国际私法的基础,而最密切联系原则则是当代国际私法的核心问题,也是学术界一直在热烈讨论的热点问题和难点问题。任何一个具体的法律关系在客观上绝对存在着一个“最适应”的法律与之相适应。在这一理论基点上,本文对其本质加以探讨,运用历史的、比较的和逻辑的方法,揭示国际司法中最密切联系原则的本质,深化对最密切联系原则的认识。     

预防与处置群体性事件中的警察公共关系

群体性事件的形成与发展是一定的政治、经济、文化等多种社会矛盾的综合反映。警察作为维护社会安定的重要力量,加强对警察公共关系的研究是公安机关更好地预防和处置群体性事件的迫切需要。警察在预防和处置群体性事件中扮演维护社会秩序、保证公共安全的的角色,运用警察公共关系化解社会矛盾是可行的,开展警务公关的具体措施包括:牢固树立舆情观念和公关意识、严密舆情控制、及时开展应对公关及必要时现场喊话公关等。     

A view from below: industrial re-structuring and women's employment at four Russian enterprises

The labor market in Russia has changed significantly during the last decade. This transformation has resulted in notable changes in employment and unemployment patterns, and in labor mobility, flexibility and insecurity. One critical question is whether these changes signal important differences in labor market outcomes by gender. The approach taken here is to focus on the Russian industrial enterprise. In our study, we find that women experience different internal labor market opportunities and external job prospects than men and those differences in experience are reflected in the actual hiring practices at our firms, with men substituting for women, and women finding it particularly difficult to negotiate the increasingly closed labor market in Russia. At the same time important differences persist among women, differences that do not exist for men.     

Playing Games with International Relations

After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages in using simulations to teach International Relations, this paper develops pedagogy for using simulations to teach International Relations (IR) theory. After discussing methods for integrating simulations into a class on IR theory the paper then goes on to present three simulations and the theories that they can be used to teach. The three simulations are the Classical Realism Game, Prisoner's Dilemma to the N th degree, and Diplomacy. Finally, the three simulations are compared.     

略论朝贡制度的虚幻：以古代中国与东南亚的朝贡关系为例

很多东西方学者所认为的中国与东南亚之间长期存在的“朝贡贸易与宗藩关系”,实际上并不具备“朝贡”和“宗藩”的实质。将到中国者统称为朝贡者,基本上是中国统治者以及历代史官、文人的一厢情愿。中国朝廷通常没有也不打算利用这种表面上的、自我安慰式的“朝贡宗藩”关系来干预东南亚地区事务。实行“朝贡体制”数百年的明清两朝,其海外政策基本上是不作为的自我封闭政策,并没有获得对东南亚的实际政治影响力。