Forensic DNA retention: Public perspective studies in the United Kingdom and around the world

This review analysed public perspective studies on forensic DNA retention in the United Kingdom and around the world. The studies generally show strong public support for the long-term or indefinite retention of DNA from convicts and suspects. There is considerable support for the retention of DNA from all or some arrestees and potentially the entire population. This was predicated upon the belief that forensic DNA databases have crime-solving abilities, which the public rate highly. In the UK, it was found that the current Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 regime is broadly representative of the recommendations of the surveyed British public. Nevertheless, the studies highlighted a gap in forensic DNA education among the public, suggesting that public views may not be well informed. Overall, there was clear evidence of privacy concerns and the potential misuse of DNA records among the public, with a significant number opposing the retention of DNA from the innocent. It was found that most of the studies were qualitative or non-representative of the relevant population, limiting the generalisation of the results. There was also limited studies among a representative sample of primary stakeholders who are well-informed or directly exposed to the benefits, challenges and risks associated with DNA retention. A research into stakeholders rating of different forensic DNA retention regimes is therefore highly recommended. This is important because the studies suggest divergent views among criminal justice professionals and other members of the public, with the former expressing expansive views and the latter expressing restrictive views. The primary stakeholder's survey will help establish whether the relevant safeguards have been put in place to protect both public security and individual interests.     

数码翻拍的图像质量分析及应用标准化探讨

翻拍是司去鉴定中固定平面类证据的常用方法之一。数码翻拍突破了传统翻拍的界限。提供了高效方法。但其图像质量及应用标准化研究尚未形成体系。本文以数码相机为例，深入分析影响翻拍质量的各因素，并对其在司法实践中如何保证和提高翻拍质量进行技术方法上的探讨。通过分析研究。界定了数码翻拍中器材使用标准、拍摄条件标准及操作标准。为司法鉴定中的翻拍应用标准化提供了借鉴与参考。     

战略思维:解读科学发展观的重要视角

科学发展观的提出彰显着中国社会发展实现转型的标志和契机,但树立和落实科学发展观必须从思维方式层面对发展进行总体性反思,从而规范和导引发展。战略思维契合中国现代化建设的整体特质和发展要求,成为规划当代中国发展的主导思维范式和解读科学发展观的重要视角。战略思维规约科学发展观,科学发展观表征战略思维,战略思维是树立和落实科学发展观的必然选择。     

家庭治疗的女性主义思考

主要通过女性主义的眼光审视传统家庭治疗流派的理念,反映当前家庭治疗中存在的对女性经验的忽视等不足,探索治疗实践中治疗目标、治疗关系和使用的技术等方面所需要做出的改变,同时简要分析这一现状中家庭治疗师的责任和治疗理念变化的趋向。从家庭治疗自身演变发展的角度,展望未来家庭治疗的发展方向。     

Applicability of Cranial Models in Urethane Resin and Foam as a Substitute for Bone: Are Synthetic Materials Reliable?

As literature is poor in functional synthetic cranial models, in this study, synthetic handmade models of cranial vaults were produced in two different materials (a urethane resin and a self‐hardening foam), from multiple bone specimens (eight original cranial vaults: four human and four swine), in order to test their resemblance to bone structure in behavior, during fracture formation. All the vaults were mechanically tested with a 2‐kg impact weight and filmed with a high‐speed camera. Fracture patterns were homogeneous in all swine vaults and heterogeneous in human vaults, with resin fractures more similar to bone fractures. Mean fracture latency time extrapolated by videos were of 0.75 msec (bone), 1.5 msec (resin), 5.12 msec (foam) for human vaults and of 0.625 msec (bone), 1.87 msec (resin), 3.75 msec (foam) for swine vaults. These data showed that resin models are more similar to bone than foam reproductions, but that synthetic material may behave quite differently from bone as concerns fracture latency times.     

Political morality and constitutional settlements

This paper presents a way of thinking about how to respond to the pluralism of modern societies that avoids any commitment to contractualist norms of political justification. The argument developed appeals to the notion of a constitutional settlement. Constitutional settlements are complex on-going social practices that both express certain values to which political societies are committed and establish procedures for resolving disputes among members of these societies. As such, they are a product of both moral commitment and the balance of power. The paper shows how constitutional settlements relate to issues of stability and non-subjugation in politics, and explains how they can ground a distinction between justice and legitimacy.     

数码照相机与视频荧光鉴别仪的物证检验应用比较

索尼SONY WVC-CD300数码照相机与SYJ-5型视频荧光鉴别仪应用在文件检验时,视频荧光鉴别仪部分功能可用 该种数码照相机代替,各具特色。     

马克思主义人文发展观的新境界

坚持以人为本,树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观,实现经济、社会和人的全面发展,人、社会和自然的和谐发展,物质文明、政治文明和精神文明的协调发展,既是马克思主义人文发展观的内在要求,也是马克思主义人文发展观的生动体现。     

农耕他者的制造--重新审视广东"疍民歧视"

"疍民歧视"对于我们理解疍民和汉人社会具有双重的意义.基于田野调查和文献资料,借助福柯的思想方法和人类学从边缘反观中心的研究角度,从追溯这个水上群体在3个不同时代的不同称谓及相关话语的演变出发,可以重新解释"疍民歧视"的形成机制、性质及其对于中国社会的政治、经济尤其是主流文化的意义.在中国传统农耕文化语境下,"疍民"遭受了被边缘化的命运,而这正是中国传统农耕文化建构的必然产物.     

社会性别视角下的城镇医疗保险改革——以上海的模式为例

本文通过剖析改革以后新建立起来的上海市城镇基本医疗保险方案的准入条件、个人帐户积累、共负责任等各个方面,指出现行城镇基本医疗保险计划设计过程中社会性别意识的缺失以及所带来的影响和结果,从而强调社会性别意识在公共政策制定过程中的重要意义.