反恐视野下民警武器使用能力训练优化思考

自媒体时代对警察合法、规范使用武器提出了更高要求。当前的《警察武器使用》《公安机关人民警察佩戴使用枪支规范》教学内容还不能解决警察实战中开枪的关键问题,这些问题影响着民警武器使用效果,改革势在必行。为此,根据国际上先进的警察训练理念和发展趋势,提出了优化警察武器使用训练五个阶段的设想:第一训练阶段以警械、武器基本操作为主,优化武器使用训练内容,将使用武器的法律规定作为训练的有机组成部分;第二阶段加强彩弹对抗训练;第三阶段加大近距离和弱光情景的实战训练;第四阶段警组配合,警械、武器转化实战对抗阶段;第五阶段想定对抗阶段。     

Deaf to women: Rhodes’s refusal to hear women or his own feminine voice within – a reading of Schreiner’s Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland

E.D. Morel’s chapter, ‘The story of Southern Rhodesia’, in his signal text The black man’s burden (1920), provides intertextual reference to Olive Schreiner’s work Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897) in discussing libertarian thought and distinguishing aspects of male/female authorship. Schreiner’s feminist perspective affords her a wider purview of colonialist prerogatives than those exhibited by several contemporary male observers or commentators. The figure of Jesus, as pictured in her neglected political/moral parable, far from being ironic, sentimental or evangelical in purpose, embodies her ideal balance of female and male qualities. Schreiner relies on this redemptive icon both in an ethical and gendered sense to project new understanding and enlightenment onto the strife of the day, which allows her, in turn, to expose and critique Rhodes’s male deafness both to women and his own feminine nature. By contrast, Halket’s conversion, his feminisation, holds up the alternative of hope versus Rhodes’s predatory male soul and final moral damnation.     

Fast Source Camera Identification Using Content Adaptive Guided Image Filter

Source camera identification (SCI) is an important topic in image forensics. One of the most effective fingerprints for linking an image to its source camera is the sensor pattern noise, which is estimated as the difference between the content and its denoised version. It is widely believed that the performance of the sensor‐based SCI heavily relies on the denoising filter used. This study proposes a novel sensor‐based SCI method using content adaptive guided image filter (CAGIF). Thanks to the low complexity nature of the CAGIF, the proposed method is much faster than the state‐of‐the‐art methods, which is a big advantage considering the potential real‐time application of SCI. Despite the advantage of speed, experimental results also show that the proposed method can achieve comparable or better performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of accuracy.     

Digital camera identification using PRNU: A feature based approach

Source camera identification is one of the emerging field in digital image forensics, which aims at identifying the source camera used for capturing the given image. The technique uses photo response non-uniformity (PRNU) noise as a camera fingerprint, as it is found to be one of the unique characteristic which is capable of distinguishing the images even if they are captured from similar cameras. Most of the existing PRNU based approaches are very sensitive to the random noise components existing in the estimated PRNU, and also they are not robust when some simple manipulations are performed on the images. Hence a new feature based approach of PRNU is proposed for the source camera identification by choosing the features which are robust for image manipulations. The PRNU noise is extracted from the images using wavelet based denoising method and is represented by higher order wavelet statistics (HOWS), which are invariant features for image manipulations and geometric variations. The features are fed to support vector machine classifiers to identify the originating source camera for the given image and the results have been verified by performing ten-fold cross validation technique. The experiments have been carried out using the images captured from various cell phone cameras and it demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is capable of identifying the source camera of the given image with good accuracy. The developed technique can be used for differentiating the images, even if they are captured from similar cameras, which belongs to same make and model. The analysis have also showed that the proposed technique remains robust even if the images are subjected to simple manipulations or geometric variations.     

人类学视野下的文化相对主义及其反思

文化相对主义不仅仅是一个哲学问题,更是文化人类学中一个重要的基本理念问题,它牵涉到人类学家对于人性、文化等问题的根本立场,是人类学中无法回避的概念。文化相对主义对于反思现今全球化、国际关系、文明冲突等问题具有很大借鉴意义。     

从法治视野看我国法学教育

从法治视野看,大学法学教育,除了遵循大学教育的一般共性和规律之外,还具有与法律职业具有紧密联系的特质;除了对学生进行学科教育之外,还必须培养与训练学生的法律职业素养与技能;除了从法官、检察官和律师之司法职业角度确定大学法学教育的培养目标,还应该把握法律产生类型的作用和意义。     

Continuing education: Toward a life-course perspective on social learning

Sutherland's differential association theory and the life-course perspective have at times been conceptualized as contrasting theories of criminal behavior. I argue instead that our understanding of delinquency, the dynamics underlying criminal persistence and desistance, and intergenerational patterns will be enhanced by a more explicit integration of these two traditions. I focus on family processes as these are foundational intimate relationships that remain underappreciated as a source of lifelong learning and influence. Although family support and variations in parental supervision have been amply investigated, “direct transmission” takes place within the family as well as within the confines of the more heavily studied world of adolescent peer groups. I identify five dimensions of direct transmission and illustrate these dynamic processes with qualitative data from two longitudinal studies and results of recent quantitative analyses. The analysis is generally in line with Sutherland's original formulation but includes several extensions and modifications. It is important to include a role for human agency, and for “noncriminal” definitions and lifestyle factors, in addition to the directly criminogenic definitions Sutherland and subsequent researchers have emphasized. The focus on social processes is, however, consistent with Sutherland's goal of highlighting limitations of psychological and biological differences explanations.     

整合性视角下公共政策冲突研究:基于多案例的比较分析

本文从探索政策冲突的根源出发,构建了"政府运行碎片化-冲突类型-政策要素-政策阶段"的整合性分析框架,采用多案例研究方法,选取公共政策实践中较为典型的七个政策冲突案例,并运用该框架对七个案例进行比较分析。研究发现:我国公共政策冲突碎片化的超常规运作是政策冲突痼疾产生的根本原因,政府碎片化的不同维度相互强化、产生叠加效应,以及不同类型、不同要素、不同阶段的政策冲突相互交织,引发双向连锁反应。在此基础上,本文提出相应的对策建议。     

司法决策如何进行后果考量

主张司法决策应当进行必要的后果考量是当前颇有影响力的一种法律思维方式,从个案裁判法律效果与社会效果相统一的目的论来看,"后果主义"似乎是一种更容易在后果意义上证明为正当的方法论思维。然而,从决策的角度来看,既然决策者需要在各种可能的后果之中去追求最可欲的后果,就必然意味着对某种特定后果进行工具性控制的决策逻辑和权力支配...     

当代隐喻学巡礼：回眸与沉思——写在《我们赖以生存的隐喻》付梓40周年之际

隐喻早在2500年前便已步入东西方学术研究的视野,更在人文社科研究的历史长河当中一直备受关注。以标志隐喻研究实现认知转向的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书付梓40周年为历史节点,充分梳理和评价已有概念隐喻理论、概念整合理论和词汇语用理论的三套代表性文献,同时从语料库检索和神经、心理实证探索两条路径出发,将当代隐喻理论跃升为当代隐喻学,提出一个较为浑圆完整、全方位的定义。从理论构建、研究方法、模态扩展、辞格归一、话语拓宽、语际对比和语言教学等七个方面沉淀和总结该学科目前仍然存在的漏洞与弊端,并在此基础上为将来隐喻研究的持续深入发展提供参考。