Living Conditions,Social Exclusion and Recidivism Among Prison Inmates

Swedish drug policy has according to official declarations been successful. The picture has recently been challenged through rising drug use and rising drug related mortality. This development has taken place in spite of the restrictive Swedish policy with further penalization of drug consumption, increasing number of police officers working with drug crime and rising number of persons sentenced to prison for drug offences. The question to be explored here is then what strategies the Swedish Government has chosen in the light of the development and how these strategies should be explained. The analysis is based on central Government documents as well as statements from Government ministers, public authorities and voluntary organizations. The picture that emerges is a denial of the failure of the old Swedish model but at the same time an alarmist stand with demands for increases of resources for information, treatment and control. The strategies chosen can be derived from two central themes in Swedish drug debate: ‘a drug‐free society’ and ‘total rehabilitation’. The two in turn seem to be aspects of an underlying vision—the vision of the good and integrative welfare society.     

Estimating the Skull‐to‐Camera Distance from Facial Photographs for Craniofacial Superimposition

The overlay of a skull and a face image for identification purposes requires similar subject‐to‐camera distances (SCD) to be used at both photographic sessions so that differences in perspective do not compromise the anatomical comparisons. As the facial photograph is the reference standard, it is crucial to determine its SCD first and apply this value to photography of the skull. So far, such a method for estimating the SCD has been elusive (some say impossible), compromising the technical validity of the superimposition procedure. This paper tests the feasibility of using the palpebral fissure length and a well‐established photographic algorithm to accurately estimate the SCD from the facial photograph. Recordings at known SCD across a 1–10 m range (repeated under two test conditions) demonstrate that the newly formulated method works: a mean SCD estimation error of 7% that translates into <1% perspective distortion error between estimated and actual conditions.     

Enhancing the cognitive interview with an alternative procedure to witness-compatible questioning: category clustering recall

The Cognitive Interview (CI) is one of the most widely studied and used methods to interview witnesses. However, new component techniques for further increasing correct recall are still crucial. We focused on how a new and simpler interview strategy, Category Clustering Recall (CCR), could increase recall in comparison with witness-compatible questioning and tested if a Revised Cognitive Interview (RCI) with CCR instead of witness-compatible questioning and without the change order and change perspective mnemonics would be effective for this purpose. Participants watched a mock robbery video and were interviewed 48 hours later with either the CI or the RCI. Recalled information was classified as either correct, incorrect or confabulation. Although exclusion of the change order and change perspective mnemonics in the RCI group might have caused a slight decrease in recall during the last interview phases, the RCI group generally produced more correct information than the CI group, with a lower number of confabulations. Further analyses revealed CCR was largely responsible for this increase in correct recall. CCR is a very promising interview technique which allowed the interviewer to obtain more detailed information without additional questions and may have, in certain situations, several practical advantages over a questioning phase.     

从教师称谓的变迁看教师角色与知识结构的转变

中国大学教师的称谓经历了师、教员(教习)、人民教师的变迁.这种称谓的变化,并不只是不同时代对于大学教师称呼的简单改变,而且体现了国家对于大学教师所扮演的社会角色的规定以及教师自身对于职业社会角色认同的改变,从而也影响到大学知识人知识结构的变化.     

公司社会责任视角下的董事责任保险合同理念分析

公司社会责任理论缘于人们对公司目标的反思,即公司不能仅仅以公司利益最大化作为经营的唯一目标,还应当注意保护包括股东在内的债权人、消费者、公司雇员等利益相关主体的合法权益。董事责任保险合同的存在增强了董事和高级职员的赔偿能力,在发生损害事故时,有利于保护利益相关主体的合法权益并进而有助于实现公司应当承担的社会责任。     

将性别带入家庭社会学研究

现代家庭社会学研究以帕森斯和古德的功能主义为重要开端,并发展出个体化理论和个人生活的社会学.新世纪以来,性别视角、女权主义视角和多元交叉视角的理论不断拓展家庭社会学研究,这三个理论视角皆关注性别不平等和性别公正,但也有其内在差异和相互补充,其理论范式和学术立场为家庭社会学研究的知识生产作出了贡献,并对公共政策的出台产生...     

Communicating sociocultural norms and social and religious practices in Iranian death notices

Drawing on a corpus of 100 randomly collected death notices published in an Iranian national newspaper, this study examined generic structures as well as their lexico-grammatical patterning to reveal what communicative functions are articulated by these generic components. Basing our identification of moves on Swales [1990. Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press], we identified 12 rhetorical moves in the corpus. We illustrated that these recurrent rhetorical moves reflect the Iranian sociocultural norms, as well as social and religious beliefs. Also, the results substantiated [Kress, Gunther, and Theo van Leeuwen. 1996. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge] multimodality perspective on textual analysis in that they rejected linguistic items as the only meaning-making device and identified colour, position, photo and size, among others, as worthwhile veritable semiotic devices.     

英译汉：深层结构上的动态切分

英语有其自身的生成句子观和功能句子观,要较好地把握英汉翻译过程中在深层结构的句子语义,就必须结合句子成分的语义功能,明确语内和语际转换的合理机制,实现深层结构上的动态切分翻译法。     

试论德治的政治伦理视角

政治与道德或法律与伦理 ,都是社会的基本价值元素 ,他们共同构成社会和国家生存与生长的规范基础和理想目标。作为社会政治治理的基本规范 ,法治是首要的和最基本的 ,具有作为社会国家治理方式的基础地位 ,而德治是政治的合道德性或伦理合理性 ,这是民主法制基础上的道德正当性诉求。德治与法治的内在价值关系应当是相互配应和相互支持的价值资源互补关系。这种政治伦理理念应当成为现代民主社会条件下的以德治国所追求的基本目标。