有毒生物碱阿托品的检验现状

阿托品是一种抗胆碱药,可用于有机磷农药中毒的抢救,但因其本身具有毒性和致幻性,常被滥用并导致中毒甚至死亡,又可被添加至可卡因等毒品中。目前,阿托品的主要检测方法有气相色谱、液相色谱和毛细管电泳,本文综述了这几种方法检测阿托品的现状。     

Capillary electrophoretic analysis of phosphorus species in clandestine methamphetamine laboratory samples

The clandestine manufacture of methamphetamine is a spreading epidemic. Manufacturing methods are constantly changing, necessitating the implementation of new analytical tools to identify materials from these labs. Characterization of phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite ions is necessary to distinguish the various phosphorus-iodine manufacturing methods that are popular methods for reducing pseudoephedrine to methamphetamine. This work describes a capillary electrophoresis method to separate acetate, azide, bromide, carbonate, chlorate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, hypophosphite, iodide, nitrate, nitrite, perchlorate, phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, sulfite, and thiocyanate. The CElixerOA 8.2 dynamic coating system was modified by lowering the capillary temperature to 15 degrees C and using an acid flush between runs to remove adsorbed materials. This allows detection of ions down to between 10 and 30 parts per million with percent relative standard deviations of normalized migration times under 0.1%. This method is a valuable tool for the characterization of phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite in routine analysis of clandestine methamphetamine manufacturing evidence and has a broader application in other areas of forensic analysis.     

小鼠心肌细胞核DNA变化与死亡时间的关系

目的监测小鼠死后细胞核DNA降解的情况,探讨死后细胞核DNA降解的一般规律。方法应用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)技术结合荧光显微镜和专业的计算机图像分析技术,测定111只小鼠在死后72h内不同时间点小鼠心肌组织细胞头半径、尾长度、头DNA含量比例、尾DNA含量比例、尾矩、Olive矩、头面积、尾面积八项参数的变化值。结果在个体死亡72h内,测定的八项参数指标均显示细胞核DNA降解速率和程度与死亡时间具有高度的相关性,并获得了更能体现DNA降解趋势的二项式回归方程和多元回归方程,均具有高度的统计学意义。结论应用72h内心肌组织DNA变化与死亡时间之间呈线性关系的各组回归方程,可为法医学推断死后经过时间提供一种新的、客观的、精确的方法和参考依据。     

柔嫩艾美球虫抗药株第二代裂殖子的双向电泳图谱比较

对实验室诱导的柔嫩艾美球虫马杜拉霉素、地克珠利抗药株及其同母源敏感株第二代裂殖子的蛋白质进行双向电泳 ,构建了稳定的双向电泳图谱。经Imagemaster 2DElite软件分析 ,敏感株和抗药株平均可分离 90 0个点 ;以敏感株平均胶作为参考胶 ,抗药株平均胶与之比较 ,得到差异蛋白质斑点 ,其中地克珠利抗药株和马杜拉霉素抗药株各有 4个表达差异点。这些差异表达的蛋白质可能参与了球虫抗药性产生的过程。     

太原人群红细胞GLOI表型的分布调查及血痕GLOI的检测

1975年Kǒmpf等首次发现人红细胞乙二醛酶I具有多态性,用淀粉凝胶电泳可将其分为GLOI_(1-1),GLOI_(2-1),GLOI_(2-2)三种表现型.由第6号染色体短臂2区1带2亚带(6 P212)上的一对共显性等位基因GLOI~1、GLOI~2控制.对法医学亲权鉴定及个人识别有一定意义.我们采用淀粉琼脂糖混合凝胶电泳方法     

红细胞EsD和PGM_1的同步电泳分型及其在上海地区的分布与频率

用 pH7.4的 Tris-马来酸缓冲系统和混合淀粉凝胶同步检测血液及血癌中 EsD 和 PGM_1的表型,获得良好的分型效果。EsD 和 PGM_1的图谱区带平直、狭窄、清晰。各种表型之间差异著,极易区分容易发现稀有表型。我们在上海地区居民中检查了390人的 EsD 表型和724人的 PGM_1表型,其分布与其基因频率详见附表。在检测尸体血及尸体血痕时,发现一例尸体血和一例尸体血痕的 PGM 1活性明显增强,前者尚显现了一条额外的同工酶区带。     

精斑中磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM_1)及其亚型的电泳分型

本文用淀粉凝胶电泳法和 PAGIEF 对精斑 PGM_1普通型及亚型进行了检测。169份精液斑的 PGM_1分型结果是:PGM_1 1—1 87例;PGM_1 2—1 66例;PGM_1 2—2 16例,其中31例同一个体红细胞及精液 PGM_1分型的结果完全一致。研究了138例不同精子数精斑的 PGM_1型,发现精子数的多少对分型无影响。亚型检测结果与红细胞一样可分10型。     

气单胞菌aerA和hlyA两基因在溺死诊断中的应用

目的建立溺死尸体脏器气单胞菌气溶素(aerA)和溶血素(hlyA)两基因的PCR-CE检测方法,验证该方法的特异性和灵敏度,并探讨其在溺死诊断中的应用价值。方法设计气单胞菌(Aeromonas)特异性引物aer-A1和hlyA-1,构建PCR-CE方法;扩增52种标准株DNA;确定最低DNA检测浓度;检测16只实验猪和40例真实案件尸体组织样本,分别计算两对引物总阳性率。结果引物aerA-1可特异性扩增杀鲑气单胞菌和温和气单胞菌,产物片段为180bp,灵敏度分别为0.034、0.92ng;引物hlyA-1可特异性扩增杀鲑气单胞菌和嗜水气单胞菌,产物片段为150bp,灵敏度分别为0.94、0.034ng。利用aerA-1检测溺死实验猪和真实案件尸体组织样本,溺死阳性率分别为70.00%、78.38%;利用hlyA-1检测溺死实验猪和真实案件尸体组织样本,溺死阳性率分别为80.00%、83.78%。结论基于气单胞菌aerA基因和hlyA基因建立的PCR-CE检测方法进行溺死诊断,快速灵敏,特异性好,有良好的应用前景。     

Determination of Inorganic Ion Profiles of Illicit Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis

A portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with dual capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) was used to determine the inorganic ionic profiles of three pharmaceutical samples and precursors of two illicit drugs (contemporary samples of methylone and para‐methoxymethamphetamine). The LODs ranged from 0.10 μmol/L to 1.25 μmol/L for the 10 selected cations, and from 0.13 μmol/L to 1.03 μmol/L for the eight selected anions. All separations were performed in less than 6 min with migration times and peak area RSD values ranging from 2 to 7%. The results demonstrate the potential of the analysis of inorganic ionic species to aid in the identification and/or differentiation of unknown tablets, and real samples found in illicit drug manufacture scenarios. From the resulting ionic fingerprint, the unknown tablets and samples can be further classified.