People We Hire as Executioners: Who Are They? Who Are We?

Christopher Bennett has introduced a new inquiry into the capital punishment debate by looking at whether the role of executioner is one in which it is possible and proper to take pride. He argues that this will depend on the kind of justifications that an executioner can offer in defense of his role and takes as an example the English executioner Albert Pierrepoint as portrayed in the film Pierrepoint: The Last Hangman. Bennett claims that none of the justifications available to Pierrepoint are adequate, that his pride in his role was unjustified, and that this gives us reason to doubt those justifications for capital punishment. I am unpersuaded by Bennett’s arguments and give reasons for thinking that the role of executioner can under certain circumstances be an honorable vocation in which one may legitimately take pride.     

论军事人力资本

从人力资本的引申义和经济学本义出发确立军事人力资本的概念,是深入考察传统人力资本理论局限性和军事活动经济本质的必然结果。战争不仅是政治的继续,而且是以暴力手段谋取和维护一定经济利益的经济活动;和平时期,军事活动是生产国防安全这一公共产品的经济活动,是一切经济活动的内在组成部分;军事人力资本是这些广义军事经济活动的主体和资本,具有一般人力资本的共同特点,又有独特点;人是战争和军队建设中的决定性因素,迎接新军事革命的挑战,加强质量建军,走精兵之路,赢得未来战争的胜利,关键在于大力提高我军的文化水平,改变我军军事人力资本智能层次低、智能总量小的状况     

转型期我国城市居民社会资本的建构

改革开放使得传统城市居民社会资本不可避免地丧失，因此有必要建构适应社会转型的具有现代意义的城市居民社会资本。城市居民社会资本可分为个人关系资本和社区网络资本。对现阶段我国城市居民社会资本缺失的现状进行分析，透视转型时期我国城市居民社会资本的特征，社区建设可作为我国城市居民社会资本建构行之有效的路径选择。为此，要分别从政府、社区自治组织以及居民个体的角度探讨城市居民社会资本的动态形成机制，揭示我国城市居民社会资本建构所要达到的目标，从而建构具有中国特色的现代性城市居民社会资本。     

国际投资自由化背景下我国外资立法的应对思考

在国际投资自由化的趋势下,各国在外资立法方面必然采取相应措施。我国是利用外资的主要国家之一,国际投资的发展定会影响我国在外资立法方面的举措。我国应顺应这一形势的发展,研究国际投资的发展规律,适时修改、订立我国的外资立法。     

我对巴塞尔新资本协议的几点看法

新巴塞尔协议的公布和实施是国际金融界的一件大事,它将对全球金融业和金融监管的发展产生重大影响.新巴塞尔协议从法理上看对我国没有强制实施的效力,但从金融实践而言却是我国不得不遵循的金融监管框架文件.新巴塞尔协议从旧巴塞尔协议的"一大铁律"发展到"三大支柱",给国际金融业提供了全新的金融监管框架,从而对我国银行业提出了从理念、到制度、到方法、到人才等方面的全方位挑战.     

浅析虚报注册资本案的认定与侦查

新的《公司法》修改之后,公司注册资本由实缴资本制改为有限公司的认缴资本制和股份公司的认购股本制,由此,对虚报注册资本罪的认定与以前也有所不同。在该罪的认定过程中,借助会计账目的分析来加以界定将会显得更加清晰。在侦查阶段,应分立案前、立案后和移送起诉时三个阶段做好工作。     

人力资本理论综述——探究人力资本的成因

尽管经济学家已从宏观层面推断人力资本是经济增长的主要动因,但以贝克尔、明塞尔为代表的人力资本微观分析,尚不足以构成理解宏观经济变量关系的微观基础。单从个人投资角度解释人力资本的形成,只能说明人力资产存量的变动及其潜在的价值增值功能,不能解释人力资本形成的根源及其投资与收益关系的实质,更不能说明人力资本主体为什么以及如何取得要素价值增值收益的。本文用经济活动二重性的分析范式,从历史与制度因素出发,论证了人力资本是生产力与生产关系对立统一的产物,是生产方式转变的产物,是“利益协调机制”与“效率优化机制”相协调统一的产物。     

DO RETURNING PAROLEES AFFECT NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME? A CASE STUDY OF SACRAMENTO*

This study used a unique data set that combines information on parolees in the city of Sacramento, CA, over the 2003–2006 time period with information on monthly crime rates in Sacramento census tracts over this same period, providing us a fine‐grained temporal and geographical view of the relationship between the change in parolees in a census tract and the change in the crime rate. We find that an increase in the number of tract parolees in a month results in an increase in the crime rate. We find that more violent parolees have a particularly strong effect on murder and burglary rates. We find that the social capital of the neighborhood can moderate the effect of parolees on crime rates: Neighborhoods with greater residential stability dampen the effect of parolees on robbery rates, whereas neighborhoods with greater numbers of voluntary organizations dampen the effect of parolees on burglary and aggravated assault rates. Furthermore, this protective effect of voluntary organizations seems strongest for those organizations that provide services for youth. We show that the effect of single‐parent households in a neighborhood is moderated by the return of parolees, which suggests that these reunited families may increase the social control ability of the neighborhood.     

The Impact of the Rape/Sexual Assault Statutory Aggravating Factor on Death Sentencing Decision Making in Capital Murder Trials in North Carolina (1977–2009): A Propensity Score Matching Approach

It was not too many decades ago that rape was a crime for which the death penalty was a permissible punishment in the United States, particularly in death penalty states in the South. Relatedly, historical and contemporary death penalty research almost always focuses on the role of the race of the defendant and, more recently, the race of the victim and defendant–victim racial dyads as being relevant factors in death penalty decision making. As such, the current study employs data from official court records for the population of capital trials (n = 954) in the state of North Carolina (1977–2009) to evaluate the effect of the rape/sexual assault statutory aggravating factor on jurors’ decision to recommend the death penalty. Results suggest that cases in which rape is an aggravating factor had a significantly greater odds of receiving a death penalty recommendation, and these results are robust after also considering the independent effects of defendant–victim racial dyads, even following the application of propensity score matching to equate cases on a host of defendant and victim characteristics, legal and extralegal confounders, and case characteristics. Study limitations and implications are discussed.