Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Accidental Association or Fatal Link?

This case study reports a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with concomitant accidental carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in 32‐year‐old man. Autopsy results indicated an antemortem aspiration of smoke, and a massive SAH was identified as the cause of death. Intriguingly, the carboxyhemoglobin level was 30%, suggesting that CO could have played a specific role. Intracranial hemorrhages following CO exposure in brain areas and tissues such as the basal ganglia, globus pallidus, or white matter are rare, but well characterized, whereas SAH related to CO exposure has not been previously described. In this case report, the possible role of CO, either as a primary cause or as a facilitating factor, in the pathogenesis of SAH is discussed. In particular, we propose the hypothesis that the excessive vasodilating effects produced by CO on the cerebral endothelium results in consequential loss of microvascular integrity.     

铜导线一次和二次短路熔痕的显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱特征研究

目的 为了判定火灾发生的原因,依据激光拉曼光谱(RMS)能够反映出经过不同高温热处理炭材料的石墨化程度,以此来探索电气短路判定的技术依据.方法 利用显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪对火灾中不同环境下生成的铜导线短路熔痕表面碳痕斑进行检测分析,利用碳痕斑两个拉曼特征位移峰的比值,计算不同短路熔痕表面碳化斑的石墨化度.结果 铜导线的一次短路、二次短路和火烧熔痕上残留碳斑石墨化度不同,一次短路熔珠碳痕的石墨化度R值最小,火烧熔痕的石墨化度R值最大.结论 该研究建立了显微激光拉曼光谱法无损检测分析铜导线短路熔痕的新方法.     

空间效应视角下中国省域碳排放总量的驱动因素分析

运用空间计量经济学模型实证分析中国省域碳排放的空间效应及驱动因素的结果显示,中国省域碳排放存在显著的空间自相关性和集群趋势,并主要集中在经济发达、人口密集和能源消费强度大的地区;能源消费强度、人口规模和人均GDP对碳排放总量影响显著,其中能源消费的影响最大;城市化、产业结构和技术创新对碳排放的影响不显著。该研究结论为我国城市化和产业结构升级进程中控制碳排放增量、国家和地方政府建立相应的碳减排鼓励政策和技术研发支持机制,以及各省域构建各具区域特色的低碳经济发展模式具有决策参考意义。     

区域低碳经济发展中的政府角色定位——来自中部地区的实证分析

运用面板数据模型研究了1980—2009年间中部六省低碳经济的发展状况。结果表明,中部地区二氧化碳排放量与经济增长的关系比较显著。此外,能源消耗带动GDP增长的效率在逐年上升,从一定程度上反映了追求低能耗高产出增长模式的转变。中部地区经济发展与环境的相互关系正处于临近环境库兹涅兹曲线拐点的阶段。加速发展模式的转变,实现区域低碳发展的目标,中部地区政府必须进行有效的职能和角色定位。     

发展低碳服务业的必要性与对策建议

低碳服务业是随着低碳经济的兴起而产生的,与国内外蓬勃发展的低碳经济实践相比,低碳服务业的概念依然处于初期讨论中。资源节约型、综合效益型与生态安全型是低碳服务业的特点。发展低碳服务业既是实现低碳经济目标的有效途径,更是促进社会经济可持续发展的必然选择。发展低碳服务业应健全规章制度,促进低碳服务业有序发展;加强载体建设,夯实低碳服务业发展基础;加强技术创新,推进传统服务业改造升级。     

美国联邦碳排放限额交易立法解析

关于建立一个全国性的碳排放限额交易计划的问题,已经在美国国会获得了强烈的政治考虑,多部联邦法律草案勾画出了未来联邦碳排放限额交易计划的基本架构,只是具体细节的设计上存在微小差异。但是,拟建联邦碳排放限额交易计划的温室气体减排潜力有限,且因难以调和的利益冲突而近期获得通过的希望渺茫。     

The government of self-regulation: on the comparative dynamics of corporate social responsibility

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and government. CSR is often viewed as self-regulation, devoid of government. We attribute the scholarly neglect of the variety of CSR-government relations to the inadequate attention paid to the important differences in the way in which CSR has ‘travelled’ (or diffused), and has been mediated by the national governance systems, and the insufficient emphasis given to the role of the government (or government agency) in the CSR domain. We go on to identify a number of different types of CSR-government configurations, and by following empirically the CSR development trajectories in Western Europe and East Asia in a comparative historical perspective, we derive a set of propositions on the changing dynamics of CSR-government configurations. In particular, we highlight the varied role that the governments can play in order to promote CSR in the context of the wider national governance systems.     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展低碳经济探析

近年来,以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济成为了全球经济学研究的热点问题。低碳经济不仅是环境恶化、资源短缺的应对之策,而且正在成为新一轮世界经济的增长点和各国竞争的焦点。2009年11月,国务院正式批复《黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展规划》,至此,发展低碳经济成为黄河三角洲地区长时期经济社会发展中不可或缺的一大主题。     

The Policy Effects of Internationalization: A Subsystem Adjustment Analysis of Policy Change

This article contributes to a better understanding of contemporary policy analysis and management by setting out the parameters for analyzing policy change induced by internationalization. It first maps the dynamics of policy change in domestic settings and then explores how internationalization has affected the dynamics identified. The central proposition of the article is that internationalization promotes the restructuring of policy subsystems in such as way as to form hospitable circumstances for swifter and deeper policy changes than would otherwise be the case. However, the analysis suggests that this is a two-stage process in that once its initial impact is felt, internationalization serves to entrench and stabilize reconstructed policy systems, thus constraining the scope for further change.     

大鼠血液中HbCO随吸入CO浓度和时间的变化

目的研究不同一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)浓度下中毒大鼠的行为学特征、存活时间、碳氧血红蛋白(carboxyhemoglobin,HbCO)饱和度变化规律,为法医学实践中CO中毒死亡案件提供实验依据。方法将160只SD大鼠随机分为4组。自制染毒装置,使大鼠分别在CO浓度为1 250、3 750、6 250 mg/m~3及持续通入CO状态下染毒致死亡。观察不同CO浓度中毒大鼠的行为学特征,记录存活时间,采用分光光度法检测心血HbCO饱和度,并提取脑、心脏、肺、肝等器官进行组织病理学观察。结果 CO中毒大鼠的行为学特征表现为肢体瘫软、反应迟钝。随着CO浓度的升高,大鼠存活时间逐渐缩短,心血HbCO饱和度逐渐升高。在CO浓度为1 250 mg/m~3条件下,发现3例心血HbCO饱和度明显低于致死饱和度,其余各组未发现心血HbCO饱和度低于致死饱和度的情况。结论建立的不同浓度下CO中毒死亡动物模型,操作简单,重复性好,为进一步研究CO中毒及其他吸入性有毒气体的法医学研究奠定了基础。