Comparison of bulk and compound-specific δ13C isotope ratio analyses for the discrimination between cannabis samples

Five marijuana samples were compared using bulk isotope analysis compound-specific isotope ratio analysis of the extracted cannabinoids. Owing to the age of our cannabis samples, four of the five samples were compared using the isotope ratios of cannabinol (CBN), a stable degradation product of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Bulk δ(13)C isotope analysis discriminated between all five samples at the 95% confidence level. Compound-specific δ(13)C isotope analysis could not distinguish between one pair of the five samples at the 95% confidence level. All the measured cannabinoids showed significant depletion in (13)C relative to bulk isotope values; the isotope ratios for THC, CBN, and cannabidiol were on average 1.6‰, 1.7‰, and 2.2‰ more negative than the bulk values, respectively. A more detailed investigation needs to be conducted to assess the degree fractionation between the different cannabinoids, especially after aging.     

后京都时代我国清洁发展机制的现状及对策研究

＂后京都时代＂我国CDM市场可谓机遇与挑战并存。主要存在项目类型分布不合理、最终签发成功率低、融资渠道单一、缺乏科学合理的碳贸易体系等问题,因此政府相关部门应推出鼓励政策引导CDM项目协调发展;培育咨询机构、提高项目申报通过率;加快我国＂碳金融＂建设与改革,为CDM项目提供更多融资渠道选择;构建科学合理的碳贸易体系,以促进我国节能减排工作和CDM市场科学、健康、持续发展。     

对低碳经济的再审视

近几年,国外学术界反对“气候变暖威胁论”和“人类活动导致气候变暖”理论的声音越来越多,人们对气候变化的恐慌和对低碳的热情正在消退,而低碳经济的发展和主流舆论似乎全然不顾其理论基础动摇的事实。世界各国围绕碳减排展开的博弈正在白热化和复杂化,发达国家发起的低碳经济和新能源潮流或将令世界经济重新洗牌。该文指出,应兼听不一样的声音,重新看待低碳和低碳经济。发展中国家应及时认清发达国家的意图,划清节能环保和低碳之间的界线,积极采取相应的经济和政治措施。     

A Tale of Two Taxes: The Fate of Environmental Tax Reform in Canada

Policy makers who embrace market‐based approaches to environmental regulation, typically eschew carbon taxes in favor of the political advantages of cap and trade, which offers lower visibility of costs to consumers and the opportunity to allocate valuable permits freely to industry. Against this backdrop, the article examines two surprising proposals for carbon taxes, by the government of British Columbia (BC) and by the federal Liberal Party of Canada. Both reflected a triumph of party leaders' normative “good policy” motives over “good politics.” The BC tax alone succeeded first because it was adopted by a party already in government. Second, the onset of a recession before the next elections shifted voters' attention to the economy, which advantaged the BC Liberals but disadvantaged their federal counterparts. However, proposals for carbon taxes were unpopular in both jurisdictions, offering a cautionary tale concerning the fate of politicians' normative commitments absent electoral backing.     

Vietnam’s and China’s Diverging Industrial Relations Systems: Cases of Path Dependency

ABSTRACT

This article explains why Vietnam and China, one-party states that allow only one official trade union, are traversing different paths in their trade unions’ institutional structures, the state’s and trade union’s attitudes towards strikes, their willingness to allow independent trade unions and willingness to engage with the international labour union movement. These will be examined in terms of the path dependency of their recent histories, in which changes have been incremental on a path laid down by pre-existing entrenched institutions, until each national system no longer operated properly and new contingencies obliged the leadership to revamp the system. As a consequence of China’s and Vietnam’s divergent path dependencies, when external contingencies finally forced institutional change, countries have veered onto divergent trajectories – the Trans-Pacific Partnership energising Vietnam to debate the acceptance of autonomous trade unions, while Xi Jinping in China has intensified Party control over industrial relations.     

碳关税在WTO体制内的合法性探析

碳关税作为一种新兴的贸易措施,与WTO的宗旨和基本原则相符。然而,碳关税的实施将对中国产生重大影响,因此,我国应积极寻求应对措施,以维护国家利益。     

重庆市发展低碳经济创新性研究之一——缘起、理论基础和对策框架

作为中国增长速度第三位和西部唯一的直辖市——重庆，在国家的大力扶持下，已经走上了一条赶超型的可持续工业化发展道路。但同时，我们也应该看到，重庆因为多年以来粗放型的经济增长方式，造成了资源严重的浪费与枯竭，所以如何在国际大背景下寻找资源环境和能源安全相协调的新型城市发展模型就成为了重庆，乃至全国其他城市经济可持续发展的刚性约束。该文在对低碳经济基本概念分析的基础上，探析其低碳城市构建的经济基础，并提出相关的对策框架，以期为重庆低碳经济创新性可持续发展作出贡献。     

天那水消裉无碳复写纸的消裉特征及检验方法

针对利用无碳复写纸进行的犯罪活动,通过找出天那水消褪无碳复写纸的消褪特征,并建立相应的检验方法.     

推进“两型社会”建设的低碳经济之路

“两型社会”不仅应当是资源节约型和环境友好型的社会，还应当是低碳导向型的社会，应当明确低碳经济发展的战略方向，创新制度安排，完善政策框架，将经济社会的低碳化发展与“两型社会”建设紧密结合起来，并使之成为推进“两型社会”建设的着眼点和立足点。     

An apple a day does not always keep the doctor away...

The authors describe a case of suicide in the workplace. A 45-year-old man employed by a fruit and vegetable packing company was found dead in a room containing a modified atmosphere for the packaging of fruits and vegetables. The rescue team measured the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of the ambient air with a digital CO tester and found a level higher than 600 particles per million. Analysis of an arterial blood sample taken with an airtight syringe revealed the absence of CO but high levels of carbon dioxide (CO(2)). Autopsy revealed no significant injury and police investigators found a handwritten note of intent, describing a recent personal crisis. The authors concluded that the cause of death was suicide by asphyxiation secondary to CO(2) intoxication and notably oxygen (O(2)) depletion. This manner of suicide is rare and most cases previously described in the literature were accidental intoxications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of suicide by CO(2) intoxication and O(2) depletion in a room with a modified atmosphere.