Migration and Healthcare Reforms in Spain: Symbolic Politics,Converging Outputs,Oppositions from the Field

ABSTRACT

Migrants’ healthcare entitlement represents a conflictive issue in the political battlefield, with research pointing towards the determinant role of party politics in determining policy outputs. Addressing the 2012 healthcare reform and 2018 counter-reform adopted in Spain by a right-wing and left-wing government respectively and drawing on qualitative analysis of parties’ discourses and policy measures, we argue that ideological differences along the healthcare-migration nexus were overemphasised to play symbolic politics. Partisan competition had less impact on actual outputs, while clashes between the central and regional governments, path-dependent practices and opposition from multiple venues played a central role in the policymaking process.     

Identifying Unit-Dependency and Time-Specificity in Longitudinal Analysis: A Graphical Methodology

Longitudinal analysis in criminology and other social sciences has become an important research tool because it allows us to draw conclusions from observing how multiple units change over time. Unfortunately, its results are more vulnerable to potential influences of unusual observational units or periods of time. Current leverage diagnostics are designed for cross-sectional analysis and are fallible when applied to longitudinal models. This article introduces a graphical diagnostic methodology to systematically examine the sensitivity of longitudinal results to extreme observational units and periods of time—unit-dependency and time-specificity. Further the article illustrates its use with an example testing policy effects on black and white female victimization of intimate partner homicide. Results are displayed in an easily understood graph that provides a snapshot of the results' time-specific patterns and robustness to unit-dependency. Currently, comparable tests for panel analysis are tedious and cumbersome. With this new illuminating methodology, researchers and policy-makers can easily decide whether a time-specific or unit-dependent pattern is consequential.     

地位与策略:“大调解”中的人民法院

本文是对当前部分地方推行的,力图追求法院在大调解中占据主导地位的本土实践的反思,并试图通过论述证明:法院在现有的制度环境下很难真正地扮演起大调解中的主导角色。这与执政党对法院的定位、社会公众对解纷机构的选择倾向和司法的固有限度息息相关。法院的这种角色决定了其在追求大调解格局主导地位过程中所采用的各种策略。这些策略的采用虽然极大提升了法院解决疑难纠纷的能力,但却同时进一步限制了法院对主导地位的追求。二律悖反的事实说明准确定位才是法院在大调解中发挥更大作用的基础和关键。     

中国与东盟的金融发展对温室气体排放的影响

本文以中国与东盟5国为研究对象，运用面板数据计量分析方法研究了金融发展对于温室气体排放的影响。结果表明，金融开放程度的提升会降低温室气体排放，金融中介的发展有助于降低温室气体排放，但金融市场的发展对于温室气体排放的影响不确定。榻应的政策建议足：提升中国与东盟各国的金融对外开放与合作程度，发挥金融对低碳产业的支持作用，建立起资本市场对环境信息的披露合作机制，促进中国与东盟碳金融市场一体化发展，推进中国与东盟的清洁能源投资合作等。     

生态城市碳金融地方性立法的先行先试

在诸多应对气候变化的方案中,碳金融是一种正在实践中的应对气候变化的金融解决方案,它能够从碳投融资、碳排放权交易和碳银行贷款等多方面支持生态城市建设。而生态城市碳金融地方性立法的先行先试又为生态城市碳金融活动提供了法律保障,也为在全国范围内的碳金融立法奠定了基础。鉴于生态城市碳金融地方性立法先行先试所具备的可行性和良好的预期效果,应加快在生态城市试点区制定《碳金融促进条例》、建立生态城市碳银行、进行碳金融衍生产品制度的创新试验等,对生态城市的碳金融地方性立法作大胆尝试。     

Termination Theory and National Climate Change Mitigation Programs: The Case of New Zealand

In 2008 New Zealand (NZ) changed from a Labour‐led to a National‐led government, and this resulted in a shift to government's carbon emission mitigation strategy, including the abandonment of the Communities for Climate Protection (CCP) and the Carbon Neutral Public Service (CNPS) programs. Using deLeon's seminal model for program termination, the objective of this research is to determine why NZ's newly elected government discontinued these initiatives. This empirical research is investigative and probing, and comprises a series of semi‐structured interviews with senior managers responsible for the delivery of the respective program within their organization. The architects of each program are also investigated. In the end, this study finds that while economic constraints and programmatic inefficiencies may have played a contributing role, political ideology is the primary rationale for the termination of the CNPS and the CCP‐NZ programs.     

基于全域ML指数的区域碳排放绩效研究——以浙江省为例

引入全域生产可能性集合,本文构建全域Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数,测度了2005—2012年浙江省各地级市在碳排放约束下的生产率增长及其分解。研究发现：整体来说,浙江省各地级市的碳排放绩效平均增长率为2.16%,主要来源于技术进步的推动,管理体制改革对技术效率的促进作用有限,固定资产投资的快速扩张和外贸进出口的下滑对浙江省各地级市的技术进步具有负向影响。深化科技体制和管理体制改革,加快产业结构调整机制创新,大力推广减碳技术,是浙江省各地级市的当务之急。     

Elite Dependency——An Operational Logic of Nonprofit Organization for Social Service

There’s been relatively rare research on the internal governance of nonprofit organization, and for this, we should take the elite as an individual focus. Based on theories of multiply disciplines, three analytical paths are constructed: Elite dependency on value, elite dependency on resource, elite dependency on capability. The actual operational logic of nonprofit organization for social service is as follows: elite dependency on value determines elite dependency on resource; elite dependency on resource disturbs elite dependency on value; elite dependency on value determines elite dependency on capability; elite dependency means dependency on elite as well as informal relationship.     

Determination of salvinorin A and salvinorin B in Salvia divinorum-related products circulated in Japan

Two major salvinorins, salvinorin A (SalA) and salvinorin B (SalB), in three Salvia divinorum dried leaf products and nine of its “concentrated extract” products circulated in Japan were determined. These ingredients were extracted twice with acetonitrile and decolored with graphite carbon powder. SalA and SalB were confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in product ion scan mode, and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (for SalA) and by mass spectrometry in single ion monitoring mode (for SalB). The SalA/SalB contents (μg/mg) were in the range of 3.2–5.0/0.10–0.17 in the dried leaf products and 4.1–38.9/0.26–2.42 in the “concentrated extract” products. These findings would be useful for analysis of S. divinorum-related products circulated in the drug market.     

建立中国特色碳配额许可交易体系的战略思考

减少碳排放已成为世界共识。当前世界各国应对气候变化的贸易政策主张可以分为边境碳调节税（碳关税）、碳排放许可交易（碳配额）两种类型。我们主张实行碳配额许可交易制度。它是执行联合国气候变化框架公约、贯彻其＂共同但有区别责任＂原则的政策选择,是应对国际贸易摩擦的重要手段。我国应把碳配额许可管理作为转变外贸发展方式的重要抓手,加快建立中国特色碳配额许可交易制度,在国际气候应对规则中加快夺取我们应有的参与权、引导权和决定权,争取国家有利的发展条件,推进我国贸易大国向贸易强国转变,推进我国进入富强和谐的碳中和时代。