我国省域低碳经济发展水平比较研究

低碳经济是气候变化背景下人类的必然选择,也是我国实现绿色发展的重要途径。依据我国30个省区2001—2011年相关平均数据,运用层次分析法,从低碳环境、低碳产业、低碳效率和低碳创新四个层面对我国省域低碳经济发展水平进行综合评价可以发现,我国整体低碳经济发展水平较低,且区域差异明显。长期以来,粗放型经济增长对我国的生态环境造成极大破坏;在空间上,我国东南沿海地区低碳经济发展水平相对较高,中西部地区偏低。促进我国低碳经济的发展,必须提升森林面积和质量,改善能源和产业结构,发展节能减排技术。     

全球化时代国际“碳政治”博弈与中国的战略选择

本文首先对国际“碳政治”这种新型国际政治进行分析，然后剖析了当前国际“碳政治”的博弈形势，最后从国际与国内两个层面提出建设性对策，为中国应对国际“碳政治”博弈提供理论与实践支持。     

根据创口射击残留物推断“5.4”式手枪射击距离的研究

目的利用环境控制扫描电镜/能谱仪（SEM/EDX）研究枪弹创射入口周围射击残留物与射击距离的关系,探讨其能否用于射击距离的判断。方法采用＂＂5.4＂＂式手枪分别在5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、120cm处射击乳猪皮肤,利用SEM/EDX观察创口周围GSR的分布和成分,并建立回归方程。结果射击距离和GSR颗粒数量之间总体表现为直线关系,并建立了相应的回归方程。当射击距离为10~90cm时,用该方程推断射击距离效果较好。结论检测创口周围GSR可望用于判断“5.4”式手枪的射击距离。     

赛丹的检验

目的建立水中微量赛丹提取检测方法。方法利用活性炭富集法提取、气相色谱/质谱联用方法中的SIM方式检验水中赛丹。结果利用此方法可检验水中赛丹浓度达pg水平。结论该方法适用于案件检测。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测水产品中7种四环素类抗生素残留的研究

采用Inertsil C8-3(5μm,250 mm×4.0 mm i.d.)反相色谱柱,以pH 4.0的EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲溶液为提取溶液,以HLB固相萃取柱为净化柱,以甲醇 乙腈 0.01 mol/L三氟乙酸为流动相(梯度洗脱),流速为1.5 mL/min,检测波长为350 nm,进样量100μL,建立了同时检测水产品中四环素、金霉素、土霉素、强力霉素、去甲基金霉素、甲烯土霉素和二甲胺四环素等7种四环素类抗生素残留的液相色谱法。该方法的检出限为1.5~5.0μg/kg,测定低限为50μg/kg,线性范围为50~1 000μg/kg,加标回收率为75.2%~100.6%,相对标准偏差为2.19%~10.56%。上述结果表明,该方法具有灵敏、准确、简便、快速等优点,适用于水产品中上述7种四环素类抗生素残留的同时检测。     

Experimental Results of a Residential House Fire Test on Tenability: Temperature,Smoke, and Gas Analyses

A fire experiment conducted in a British 1950s‐style house is described. Measurements of temperature, smoke, CO, CO₂, and O₂ were taken in the Lounge, stairwell, and front and back bedrooms. The front bedroom door was wedged open, while the door to the back bedroom was wedged closed. Contrary to expectations and despite the relatively small fire load, analysis and hazard calculations show permeation of toxic fire gases throughout the property with lethal concentrations of effluent being measured at each sampling point. A generally poor state of repair and missing carpets in the upper story contributed to a high degree of gas and smoke permeation. The available egress time was calculated as the time before the main escape route became impassable. Given known human responses to fire, such an incident could have caused fatalities to sleeping or otherwise immobile occupants.     

Combustion and Toxic Gas Production from Disposable Barbecues in Enclosures

The production of carbon monoxide from disposable barbecues in an enclosed room has been investigated. Hazard calculations have shown that lethal concentrations of CO and CO₂ can be produced easily. Burning rates and the relative formation of CO and CO₂ depend on the ambient oxygen concentration. Smoke does not correlate with CO concentration as it is mostly produced by the combustion of volatile hydrocarbons added to facilitate ignition. In a typical room, this results in smoke clearing before the maximum CO concentration is reached. Smoke obscuration is therefore a poor indicator of the danger posed by CO. This is an important observation for those discovering or attempting to resuscitate or rescue comatose victims. Dilution caused by ventilation is described numerically and has allowed total volumes of CO and CO₂ produced to be estimated.     

Chromatic Variation of Soot Soiling: A Possible Marker for Gunshot Wounds in Burnt Bone

Soot soiling is a crucial forensic parameter around gunshot lesions. Carbonization, however, can severely alter human tissues and mimic such clues. This study aims at evaluating the survival of soot soiling even after carbonization in bone. A total of 36 bovine ribs (half fleshed and half defleshed) were shot with two types of bullet (both 9‐mm; full metal‐jacketed and unjacketed) with a near‐contact range. With unjacketed bullets, the shot left in every case a clear, black, and roughly round soot stain around the entrance wound, whereas full metal‐jacketed bullets left no signs of soot. Every specimen then underwent calcination in an oven at 800°C. The analysis of the charred samples clearly showed the survival of the soot soiling in both fleshed and bony samples, with a clear correspondence with the former position, but with a different color (yellow). Thus, soot soiling may survive, although with a different color, even after charring.     

低碳背景下产业发展的新途径———以济南市为例

目前,济南正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展阶段,节能减排的压力越来越大.济南走低碳发展的道路,就应当结合济南经济社会发展的实际,改变传统的高碳发展模式,准确把握低碳产业发展方向,加快调整产业结构,从整体上加以推进,建立以低碳排放为特征的产业体系,寻求适应济南发展的模式.     

北京市低碳交通发展现状、问题与对策研究

在快速城市化进程中,北京市交通设施建设发展迅猛,机动车辆随之增加,由此带来的交通拥堵、能源消耗和碳排放问题日益凸显。该文以北京市2005年至2010年居民出行调查资料为基础,运用低碳交通模型,预测在不同情景模式下各交通方式的发展情况,对不同交通方式的二氧化碳排放量进行计算,分析得出大力发展公共交通及零污染的自行车等交通是北京市实现低碳交通的必然趋势,并提出北京市未来实现低碳交通发展战略及政策治理方面的对策措施。