日本农业支持政策及对中国的启示

日本通过农业支持政策对农业实施保护,其保护程度在发达国家中是比较高的。日本的农业支持政策经过了高关税、严格价格控制、农业经济协调发展、注重生态保护4个阶段。现行的农业支持政策存在粮食管制制度严格、关税保护政策引发的利益损失、农协负面作用等问题,目前正通过发放专项补助、改变农业结构、改进农协功能等措施对现行农业支持政策进行改革。研究日本的农业支持政策,将对中国有重要的启示作用。     

Climate change: Double-edged sword for African trade and development

Abstract

African governments face increasing pressure from major export destinations, primarily former colonial and slave-owning countries, to be climate change compliant. This will certainly be on display at the upcoming December 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, which will seek to strengthen climate change rules agreed on in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997, and adopt new protocols on global climate change regulation. Climate change is a double-edged sword: on one side it is hitting Africa's agricultural sector with increased droughts, floods, extreme frost and wildfires; and on the other, African governments are being forced to respond to stringent regulatory regimes imposed by international export destinations. Currently, the per capita greenhouse gas emissions from the highly industrialised nations – the North – is estimated to be four times that of Africa and the rest of the developing world. Twin research questions were investigated in this article: (1) to what extent does climate change impact on African trade and development, and (2) how can African governments stay on a path of sustained trade and development in this era of climate change? The article argues that Africa's survival in these times of climate change compliance rests on a shift to greater intra-African trade, as individual nations move towards cleaner and more organic technologies to become full-fledged partners in the international climate change regulatory regime.     

Subprime catalyst: Financial regulatory reform and the strengthening of US carbon market governance

The 2008 financial crisis has had an important, but neglected, impact on carbon market governance in the United States. It acted as a catalyst for the emergence of a domestic coalition that drew upon the crisis experience to demand stronger regulation over carbon markets. The influence of this coalition was seen first in the changing content of draft climate change bills between 2008 and 2010. But the coalition's more lasting legacy was its role in shaping the content of, and supporting, the passage of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd–Frank bill) in July 2010. Although that bill was aimed primarily at bolstering financial stability, its derivatives provisions strengthened carbon market regulation in significant ways. This policy episode demonstrates new patterns of coalition building in carbon market politics as well as the growing links between climate governance and financial regulatory politics. At the same time, the significance of these developments should not be overstated because of various limitations in the content and implementation of the Dodd–Frank bill, as well as the waning support for carbon markets more generally within the US since the bill's passage.     

国内外碳足迹研究进展述评

在全球气候变化的宏观语境下,“碳足迹”成为公共生活领域中的一个热门术语.然而,学术界对碳足迹的概念内涵、测算方法、衡量单位及适用范围等的理解尚未形成统一意见.本文首先对国内外学术界关于碳足迹的概念内涵进行梳理和述评,从终端消费和全生命周期两个方面界定碳足迹,以此与“生态足迹”、“碳排放”等术语相区别;其次,从产品、家庭、企业及类似组织、城市和区域、国家和地区等不同尺度对碳足迹的研究进行综述,比较了碳足迹测度的不同方法和标准,发现“自下而上”的生命周期评价和“自上而下”的投入产出分析方法适用于不同的研究尺度;最后,对进一步的研究方向做了展望,指出应尽快明确碳足迹的概念内涵,避免泛化和滥用,并尝试构建一种综合性的碳足迹测度方法.     

我国省域低碳经济发展水平比较研究

低碳经济是气候变化背景下人类的必然选择,也是我国实现绿色发展的重要途径。依据我国30个省区2001—2011年相关平均数据,运用层次分析法,从低碳环境、低碳产业、低碳效率和低碳创新四个层面对我国省域低碳经济发展水平进行综合评价可以发现,我国整体低碳经济发展水平较低,且区域差异明显。长期以来,粗放型经济增长对我国的生态环境造成极大破坏;在空间上,我国东南沿海地区低碳经济发展水平相对较高,中西部地区偏低。促进我国低碳经济的发展,必须提升森林面积和质量,改善能源和产业结构,发展节能减排技术。     

全球化时代国际“碳政治”博弈与中国的战略选择

本文首先对国际“碳政治”这种新型国际政治进行分析，然后剖析了当前国际“碳政治”的博弈形势，最后从国际与国内两个层面提出建设性对策，为中国应对国际“碳政治”博弈提供理论与实践支持。     

论CEPA下内地与香港之间的反倾销法律问题

CEPA是我国参与区域经济一体化的重要步骤,其第七条规定内地与香港之间互不实施反倾销措施。香港自由港的地位使在CEPA零关税下来自第三方的产品可能涌入内地进行低价倾销,即CEPA下的中国内地与香港之间存在发生倾销的贸易风险。CEPA及我国的反倾销法律制度主要依据原产地规则对此进行了防范,但依然存在漏洞,应该加以完善。     

赛丹的检验

目的建立水中微量赛丹提取检测方法。方法利用活性炭富集法提取、气相色谱/质谱联用方法中的SIM方式检验水中赛丹。结果利用此方法可检验水中赛丹浓度达pg水平。结论该方法适用于案件检测。     

区域经济一体化与我国的对策

进入20世纪90年代以来,世界区域合作再度呈现出活跃迹象,各种区域经济一体化组织不断涌现,区域自由化进程大大加快。对当今世界而言,经济全球化和区域经济一体化是两个并存的重要趋势。在区域合作的动机、方式、内容、范围等方面均表现出与以往不同的特点。区域经济合作的蓬勃发展,必然对我国经济产生长远而广泛的影响。     

Experimental Results of a Residential House Fire Test on Tenability: Temperature,Smoke, and Gas Analyses

A fire experiment conducted in a British 1950s‐style house is described. Measurements of temperature, smoke, CO, CO₂, and O₂ were taken in the Lounge, stairwell, and front and back bedrooms. The front bedroom door was wedged open, while the door to the back bedroom was wedged closed. Contrary to expectations and despite the relatively small fire load, analysis and hazard calculations show permeation of toxic fire gases throughout the property with lethal concentrations of effluent being measured at each sampling point. A generally poor state of repair and missing carpets in the upper story contributed to a high degree of gas and smoke permeation. The available egress time was calculated as the time before the main escape route became impassable. Given known human responses to fire, such an incident could have caused fatalities to sleeping or otherwise immobile occupants.