心脏传导系统的一种新型染色法

本文建立了一种研究心脏传导系统和心血管形态学的特殊染色技术（改良的Ｍａｓｓｏｎ’ｓ三色法十Ｖｅｒｈｏｅｆｆ’ｓ弹力染色法），能在同一玻片上将起搏细胞、工作心肌、胶原纤维及弹力纤维区分开来，且操作简捷，色彩对比鲜明。     

CAR在病毒性心肌炎和扩张型心肌病心肌中的表达

目的探讨病毒性心肌炎(viral myocarditis,VMC)和扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy,DCM)的发病机制及相互关系,从而提高心源性猝死法医学鉴定的可靠性和准确性。方法对VMC组22例、DCM组20例和对照组16例的心肌组织中柯萨奇-腺病毒受体(coxsackie-adenovirus receptor,CAR)的表达进行改良的免疫组织化学研究。结果 VMC组和DCM组心肌组织细胞膜呈现深棕黄色阳性颗粒,有较高水平的CAR表达,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组染色阴性。结论 VMC和DCM组心肌中CAR的高表达,提示VMC和DCM的发病机制可能与病毒感染有关,病毒感染并破坏心肌细胞导致心肌细胞坏死,心功能受损,使VMC进展为DCM。     

Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Abnormalities of Cardiac Conduction System on Sudden Cardiac DeathCSCD

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs (including early myocardial infarction) happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system (CCS) is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Correlation between Genetic Variants and Polymorphism of Caveolin and Sudden Unexplained DeathCSCD

Objective: To explore the genetic variation sites of caveolin (CAV) and their correlation with sudden unexplained death (SUD). Methods: The blood samples were collected from SUD group (71 cases), coronary artery disease (CAD) group (62 cases) and control group (60 cases), respectively. The genome DNA were extracted and sequencing was performed directly by amplifying gene coding region and exonintron splicing region of CAV1 and CAV3 using PCR. The type of heritable variation of CVA was confirmed and statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 4 variation sites that maybe significative were identified in SUD group, and two were newfound which were CAV1:c.45C>T (T15T) and G4V7:C.512G>A (R171H), and two were SNP loci which were CAVl:c.246C>T (rs35242077) and CAV3:C.990T (rsl008642) and had significant difference (P<0.05) in allele and genotype frequencies between SUD and control groups. Forementioned variation sites were not found in CAD group. Conclusion: The variants of CAV1 and CAV3 may be correlated with a part of SUD group. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

基于化学计量法的FTIR鉴别心源性猝死

目的联合应用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术及化学计量法对心源性猝死的大鼠进行鉴别分析。方法注射药物或空气分别诱导大鼠的心源性猝死及空气栓塞死亡模型。应用Nicolet i Z10 FTIR光谱仪采集血清样本的红外光谱,联合OMNIC及Unscrambler软件,基于光谱不同分子吸收区间建立偏最小二乘回归模型。结果基于指纹区(1 200~900cm-1)建立PLS模型,均方根误差和决定系数分别是0.068 3、0.981 3,预测均方根偏差和预测决定系数分别是0.104 8、0.956 1;基于蛋白质酰胺区间(1 720~1 480cm-1)建立PLS模型,RMSE和R2分别是0.058 6,0.986 2,RMSEP和预测R~2分别是0.079 4、0.974 7。综合分析两种模型,蛋白质酰胺区间的RMSEP更小,且预测R2更大,提示其预测效果略好于指纹区间。结论联合FTIR及化学计量法,基于蛋白质及指纹区的分子特征均可有效鉴别大鼠的心源性猝死,其中两种不同死因引起的蛋白质差异更为显著。     

Sudden Unexplained Nocturnal Death Syndrome: Epidemiological and Morphological Characteristics in Thai Autopsy Cases

With limited knowledge on epidemiological and morphological characteristics of sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), this study was aimed to identify such data in Thai SUNDS autopsy cases. All the cases were men and nondrug abusers aged 20–49 years old. Most cases were originated in the Northeastern region of Thailand. Half of them were found dead from midnight to 6 a.m., with a peak time at 2 a.m. The death rate was relatively higher in May and June. Most SUNDS cases were blue‐collar workers (93.2%) and nonsmokers (60%), with a normal BMI (72.1%). Approximately one‐fifth of the cases had detectable blood alcohol concentrations. Symptoms before death were respiratory difficulty, seizures, and urinary incontinence. Their mean heart weight was 329.8 ± 35.1 g. Their lungs (88.6%) had some degree of congestion. Acute pancreatitis was not found in these SUNDS cases, and approximately half (40.9%) of the cases had their gastric content <100 mL.     

致心律失常性右心室心肌病

致心律失常性右心室心肌病是以右心室心肌被脂肪或纤维脂肪组织取代为特征的一种原因尚不明确的心肌病。目前已公认是年轻人猝死的重要原因之一。ARVC最显著的病理学特征是弥散性或节段性的右心室游离壁心肌的缺失及纤维脂肪组织的替代,从组织形态学可将ARVC分为两型:(1)单纯脂肪型;(2)纤维脂肪型。与纤维脂肪组织取代右心室心肌有关的发病机制:(1)细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡理论;(2)炎症理论;(3)心肌发育不良理论;(4)肌细胞转分化理论。     

急性心肌缺血猝死例左室心肌Cx43脱磷酸化的免疫组化研究

目的观察急性心肌缺血所致心性猝死,特别是冠心病猝死者与对照组,左室心肌闰盘上缝隙连接蛋白Cx43磷酸化状态的差异,探讨其在急性心肌缺血心律失常的发生,及其诊断心肌缺血早期病变中的意义。方法应用免疫组化SP技术,检测无明显心肌梗死的冠心病猝死组(组Ⅰ)、其他急性心肌缺血所致心性猝死组(组Ⅱ、Ⅲ)和两对照组(组Ⅳ、Ⅴ,严重颅脑损伤或病理性颅内出血所致急性死亡),共45名死者的左心室局部心肌组织(存档蜡块)中Cx43的磷酸化状态。另选用抗心肌闰盘上粘合连接的主要蛋白Pan-Cadherin的抗体和生物素化菜豆凝集素(PHA-E+L/Bio),分别检测心肌细胞间机械耦联与心肌细胞膜的完整性(后者采用亲和组化技术),以便在实验中与Cx43免疫组化染色结果作比较分析。结果⑴在实验组各例标本的心肌闰盘上磷酸化Cx43明显缺染,少数呈点状弥散于胞浆;但在两对照组中,可见磷酸化Cx43聚集于心肌闰盘处。⑵Pan-Cadherin在各例标本中均表现为心肌闰盘处的强阳性着色。⑶各组标本其心肌细胞膜均显示良好,细胞轮廓清晰可辨。结论急性心肌缺血所致心性猝死者,左室心肌细胞间机械耦联和心肌细胞膜的完整性与对照组相比,无明显改变,但闰盘处主司电耦联的缝隙连接蛋白Cx43却发生了明显的脱磷酸化。这提示,后者可能是急性心肌缺血所     

大鼠死后心血吗啡浓度变化的HPLC检测

采用高效液相邑谱分析技术（HPLC）检测治疗量及中毒量吗啡肌注大鼠死后心血中吗啡浓度变化。结果表明，以治疗量吗啡肌往大鼠，在死后96h内，心血中吗啡浓度随死后时间增加而显著升高（P＜0．01），吗啡浓度水平与死后时间里显著正相关；以中毒量吗啡肌注大鼠，在死后12h内，心血吗啡浓度无明显变化；死后24h、48h及96h，随死后时间延长，心血中吗啡浓度逐渐升高（P＞0．01），其递增强度不如治疗量吗啡组大鼠的明显.本研究证实，死后尸体心血吗啡浓度明显受生前剂量的影响，且在死后96h内，随死后时间增加．心血中吗啡浓度少数不断增高。     

早期心肌梗死bFGF的免疫组化研究

采用免疫组化和图像分析与统计学处理方法,对人体早期心肌梗死猝死者心肌中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)的表达进行了研究。结果发现 :心肌梗死组 24例的心肌细胞核以及血管内皮细胞核均为强阳性染色,有些细胞浆也有阳性染色,尤以心肌梗死灶周围区域心肌细胞为甚。可疑梗死组 21例中 17例见心肌细胞核以及血管内皮细胞核为强阳性染色, 4例为弱阳性染色,未见阴性染色。而正常心脏对照组 16例中 3例呈弱阳性染色,其余均为阴性。图像分析与统计学处理结果显示对照组 bFGF阳性指数明显低于心肌梗死组和可疑心肌梗死组（ P< 0.001）,而后两组无显著性差异（ P >0.05）。结果表明 bFGF免疫组化染色可望为早期心肌缺血致猝死的死后诊断提供客观的形态学依据。