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61.
通过对200余种透明胶带紫外导数光谱分析,确定了最佳分析条件,验证了分析方法的重现性和稳定性。分析了不同胶带紫外导数光谱产生变化的原因,证明紫外导数光谱法是一种快速、简单、可靠、实用的鉴别透明胶带来源的方法。 相似文献
62.
楼房入室盗窃案件的特点和现场勘查技巧 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
楼房入室盗窃案件呈逐年上升之势,已成为城市严重治安问题之一。楼房入室盗窃案件的侵害目标具体,时机选择比较固定,作案手段具有特殊性和习惯性,多为团伙流窜作案,现场容易被破坏。深入分析楼房入室盗窃案件的特点,掌握此类案件的现场勘查技巧,提高现场勘查质量,是快速破获此类案件的先决条件。 相似文献
63.
关联船的认定方式有两种:直接证明式和间接证明式.对于直接证明式的举证,我们要向法院说明我国国有企业的独立法人地位,中国政府对国有企业只有行政管理,不存在商业意义上的控制.对于间接证明式的举证,要淡化索赔人所列举的确实存在的关联因素,驳斥其列举的不存在的关联因素. 相似文献
64.
Accurate age estimates of immature necrophagous insects associated with a human or animal body can provide evidence of how long the body has been dead. These estimates are based on species-specific details of the insects’ aging processes, and therefore require accurate species identification and developmental stage estimation. Many professionals who produce or use identified organisms as forensic evidence have little training in taxonomy or metrology, and appreciate the availability of formalized principles and standards for biological identification. Taxonomic identifications are usually most readily and economically made using categorical and qualitative morphological characters, but it may be necessary to use less convenient and potentially more ambiguous characters that are continuous and quantitative if two candidate species are closely related, or if identifying developmental stages within a species. Characters should be selected by criteria such as taxonomic specificity and metrological repeatability and relative error. We propose such a hierarchical framework, critique various measurements of immature insects, and suggest some standard approaches to determine the reliability of organismal identifications and measurements in estimating postmortem intervals. Relevant criteria for good characters include high repeatability (including low scope for ambiguity or parallax effects), pronounced discreteness, and small relative error in measurements. These same principles apply to individuation of unique objects in general.
Key points
- Metrological rigour can increase in forensic entomology by selecting measurements based on their metrological qualities.
- Selection of high-quality features for morphological identification of organisms should consider these criteria: (1) pronounced discreteness of features (minimising group overlap or maximizing interval); (2) high repeatability of assessment (such as symmetrical width rather than asymmetrical length); (3) small relative error in measurement (selecting the physically largest continuous rigid feature for measurement).
- These metrological principles also apply to individuation of unique objects in general.
65.
66.
钱迎春 《吉林公安高等专科学校学报》2006,21(2):43-46
刑事案件立案统计不实是当前影响科学判断社会治安形势的重要因素之一,并影响了制定打击刑事犯罪的决策,因此,在当前和今后一个时期仍要把纠正刑事案件立案不实问题作为一项重点工作来抓,清理和纠正这一制约公安工作发展的瓶颈问题,推动公安工作的良性发展。 相似文献
67.
中国传统法中的判例是指经过特殊程序认定,具有普遍拘束力的司法判决。春秋战国以前,中国的法律以判例为主要存在形式。春秋战国以后,形成了以法典为主,判例为辅,多种形式并存的法律体系并长期保持。法典化时代的判例立足于法典,发挥了对法典在立法范围扩展、立法技术补充、规则效力强化等方面的功能。在判例创制规則和复现规則的关系上,中国古代始终坚持复现为主的原則,在维护法律形式內部稳定结构的同时,维护规则供应的相对稳定。 相似文献
68.
69.
Mária Kondeková Radoslav Beňuš Ph.D. Soňa Masnicová Ph.D. Petra Švábová Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(4):1303-1309
Minutiae are small distinguishing features found along every ridge flow, which make each friction ridge print unique. The most common friction ridge prints found at the crime scene are fingerprints; therefore, the most of the minutiae studies are focused exactly on this kind of prints. The authors believe that further examination and enlargement of the palm print database could result in better use of the palm prints for personal identification. We analyzed a total of 160 palm prints from 40 females and 40 males aged between 18 and 70 years from Slovakia. For the evaluation of the minutiae, the area of the hypothenar had to be marked out. The classification of the minutiae used for this study was based on a modified version of the classification system using the total of 13 types of minutiae. The frequency of every minutiae type was calculated and, using the chi-square test with Yates's correction, bilateral and sex differences were assessed. The relationship between the different types of minutiae was examined with Pearson's correlation test. During the initial phases of the identification process, the focus should be on the least common types of minutiae (Y or M and return), which were found not to correlate; thus, their mutual occurrence is random (e.g., overlap—Y or M, crossbar—return, or Y or M—dock). The results of the present study show which specific minutiae types are the most suitable for personal identification. These findings may be beneficial in more effective outcome of the identification process. 相似文献
70.
Sabrina Zorbo M.S. Patrick P. J. M. H. Jeuniaux Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(2):641-648
In the case of suspicious deaths, the technique of 1:1 taping is often used in Belgium. It consists of affixing a large number of adhesive tapes to the body of the victim. It is conventionally aimed at obtaining microtraces (e.g., fibers, hair) and is usually not used for DNA analysis. However, in some cases, DNA analysis of certain areas of interest identified on the 1:1 taping material can offer a last resort solution. The four-step method that is described in this article involves the selection of areas of interest on the body (Step 1), the selection of the corresponding tapes (Step 2), the decontamination of the tapes (Step 3), the selection of areas of interest on the tapes, for DNA sampling (Step 4). The method is illustrated by its successful application in four murder cases. In each case, DNA profiles of good quality could be identified, including profiles of persons different from the victim. 相似文献