An Assessment of How Facial Mimicry Can Change Facial Morphology: Implications for Identification

The assessment of facial mimicry is important in forensic anthropology; in addition, the application of modern 3D image acquisition systems may help for the analysis of facial surfaces. This study aimed at exposing a novel method for comparing 3D profiles in different facial expressions. Ten male adults, aged between 30 and 40 years, underwent acquisitions by stereophotogrammetry (VECTRA‐3D ^® ) with different expressions (neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprised). The acquisition of each individual was then superimposed on the neutral one according to nine landmarks, and the root mean square (RMS) value between the two expressions was calculated. The highest difference in comparison with the neutral standard was shown by the happy expression (RMS 4.11 mm), followed by the surprised (RMS 2.74 mm), sad (RMS 1.3 mm), and angry ones (RMS 1.21 mm). This pilot study shows that the 3D–3D superimposition may provide reliable results concerning facial alteration due to mimicry.     

The Reliability of Facial Recognition of Deceased Persons on Photographs

In humanitarian emergencies, such as the current deceased migrants in the Mediterranean, antemortem documentation needed for identification may be limited. The use of visual identification has been previously reported in cases of mass disasters such as Thai tsunami. This pilot study explores the ability of observers to match unfamiliar faces of living and dead persons and whether facial morphology can be used for identification. A questionnaire was given to 41 students and five professionals in the field of forensic identification with the task to choose whether a facial photograph corresponds to one of the five photographs in a lineup and to identify the most useful features used for recognition. Although the overall recognition score did not significantly differ between professionals and students, the median scores of 78.1% and 80.0%, respectively, were too low to consider this method as a reliable identification method and thus needs to be supported by other means.     

判例在中国传统法中的功能

中国传统法中的判例是指经过特殊程序认定,具有普遍拘束力的司法判决。春秋战国以前,中国的法律以判例为主要存在形式。春秋战国以后,形成了以法典为主,判例为辅,多种形式并存的法律体系并长期保持。法典化时代的判例立足于法典,发挥了对法典在立法范围扩展、立法技术补充、规则效力强化等方面的功能。在判例创制规則和复现规則的关系上,中国古代始终坚持复现为主的原則,在维护法律形式內部稳定结构的同时,维护规则供应的相对稳定。     

Tranarchism: transgender embodiment and destabilization of the state

Transgender, in the simplest sense, is an umbrella term for individuals whose gender identities and/or expressions of those identities fall outside of binary sex/gender identification norms. Though some anarchists live gender-transgressive lives, and some transgender people would call themselves anarchists, literature formally connecting the two modes of being is scarce. Much existing anarchist literature discussing issues of transgender identity attempts to determine whether gender non-conformity itself is inherently anarchic. The state dictates that gender is a necessary means of categorization in order to classify and manage people. Gender transgressors, in undermining a fundamental tool of the state, must then be acting anarchically. I argue, however, that imbuing trans identification with innate anarchic meanings is problematic. As anarchism itself can be manifested and lived in a myriad of highly variant, even contradictory, ways, gender subversion acts as a tool, rather than embodiment, of anarchy. This study uses queer, anarcha-feminist, and post-structuralist frameworks to examine gender transgression as a means of destabilizing the state by challenging state reliance on binary gender classifications. By understanding how transgender people who often interact with state authority for survival and legitimization posses the power to undermine it, anarchism can both empower and be empowered by the movement for gender justice.     

论家事案件之执行

家事案件执行具有不同于一般民商事案件执行的显著特点,这类案件的执行,并不仅仅是简单地强制实现判决书上确定的权利,还需要顾及相关当事人的情感和将来良好关系的维持.解决这类案件执行难的问题,必须首先完善我国的现行立法,对家事案件执行设专章加以规定,以便执行人员树立新的执行理念,真正实现家事案件的执行目标.     

浅议建筑工程质量司法鉴定的特点、原则及其应用

建筑工程质量司法鉴定是司法鉴定的重要组成部分,通过对其特点、原则进行了分析,并结合广东省东莞市的具体工程案例介绍了其应用实况。     

亲子鉴定诉讼中的检查协助义务

从一个案例引出目前我国亲子鉴定中检查协助义务存在的司法困境,同时对我国现行关于亲子鉴定中检查协助义务的现状和相关的法条进行梳理分析,借鉴其他国家对亲子鉴定诉讼中的检查协助义务的立法经验并结合自身从事司法鉴定工作的实践,深入探讨在亲子鉴定中检查协助义务中应当注意的相关问题,提出对我国亲子鉴定中的协助义务进一步完善的初步构想.     

设计签名的特点和鉴定方法

设计签名作为特殊的签名种类有其特有的书写规范和特征．在设计签名笔迹鉴定中既要遵循一般的笔迹检验技术规范，又要重视和分析设计签名的特点，通过设计者、签名用途和书写条件等特征数量和质量的衡量标准，进而形成更加符合设计签名书写习惯的综合评断。     

心理痕迹在系列杀人案件侦查中的运用

系列杀人案件在我国各地时有发生,问题突出,危害后果严重,把握这类案件的犯罪规律,研究侦查对策,将对有效预防、遏止和打击系列杀人案件起到积极作用。     

司法鉴定标准化实现机制探讨

司法鉴定标准化一直是司法鉴定理论界和实务界追求的理想。众多学者认为要确保司法鉴定的公信力,就必须设立司法鉴定标准,走标准化的道路。对于标准化的内涵有必要从标准的理论出发进行重新解读,并提出标准化的实现前提、实现过程及应关注的问题。