笔迹检验中笔迹起收笔特征稳定与变化的研究

笔迹起收笔的位置特征、起收笔的动作形态特征和起收笔的笔力特征等三个方面的稳定与变化 ,在笔迹检验中具有重要作用。对其进行研究 ,主要是为了更好地掌握起笔与收笔在书写过程中的表现 ,从而提高起收笔特征在笔迹检验中的利用率     

普乐林注射液合辨证治疗缺血性脑卒中临床观察

目的 :观察普乐林注射液合辨证治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法 :5 6例缺血性脑卒中患者分为治疗组 (30例 )和对照组 (2 6例 ) ,治疗组采用普乐林注射液合辨证治疗 ,对照组采用进口脑活素加辨证治疗。疗程均为 14d。结果 :治疗组显效率达 80 .0 % ,对照组显效率为 6 1.5 4% ,两组显效率比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;但治疗组在消除眩晕、肢体麻木方面优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :普乐林注射液合辨证治疗对缺血性脑卒中有良好疗效     

论地方立法的三个关系

作为立法体系中的一个子系统 ,地方立法有着明确的任务和作用 ,其功能的发挥离不开整个立法系统中其他子系统的影响 ,需要处理好与这些子系统相互之间的关系 ;同时 ,还要协调好与系统外关联要素之间的关系。其中 ,与之关联最紧密的有三 :中央立法、地方实情和经济全球化 ,处理好与它们之间的关系对地方立法具有十分重要的意义。     

19世纪末俄国的中亚政策

俄国对中亚的占领,使其对中亚的政策问题突显出来。1867年和1886年的管理条例确定了俄国政府对中亚实行军政合一的管理体制。在这种管理体制下,俄国政府对当地穆斯林采取了不干涉政策,而19世纪末俄国农民向边疆地区不断移民则成为这一时期民族政策的核心问题。     

滚珠型签字笔笔痕特征的实验研究

目的归纳总结滚珠型签字笔笔痕特征的分类,为笔迹鉴定人正确使用此类笔迹特征提供科学的参考依据。方法本研究采用科学实验的方法,对20人使用不同品牌的三支签字笔书写的笔迹进行了观察与分析。结果同一人使用不同的签字笔、不同人使用同一支签字笔和不同人使用不同的签字笔书写所形成的笔痕现象具有相同的表现。结论签字笔笔痕特征只是众多笔迹特征当中的一种,不能单独依据此类特征出具鉴定结论。     

Research on the local regional similarity of automatic fingerprint identification system fingerprints based on close non-matches in a ten million people database—Taking the central region of whorl as an example

The local regional similarity of fingerprints has always been a hot issue in the field of fingerprint research. With the increasing size of ten-print databases, the appearance of close non-matches (CNMs) in automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) candidate lists has attracted increasing attention from forensic science departments worldwide. In this study, three categories (high-, medium-, and low-level) of standards for CNMs were established and 60 whorl samples were marked with different numbers of minutiae to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of CNMs in AFIS candidate lists based on a ten million people database. The results showed that all prints could be found with their corresponding CNMs. The average occurrence rate of CNMs for every query was 52.7% in the top 100 lists, and the most similar CNM was exactly the same in the local area of 12 coincidence points. CNMs appeared more in the middle and lower parts of the central region of the whorl. Moreover, shorter C2C distances and the same finger number and hand led to more CNMs being inspected. CNMs with higher similarity required a more extensive regional area and smaller minutiae density. We concluded that CNMs have a high occurrence rate in large-scale databases and many factors are closely related to them. Fingerprint examiners and researchers need to strengthen their understanding of CNMs to avoid the occurrence of misidentification like the Madrid bombings.     

日元扩张与伪满货币制度的建立

本文在介绍了日元在台湾和朝鲜的扩张之后,将19世纪末至20世纪初日元在中国东北地区的渗透与扩张过程进行梳理。指出伪满洲国的货币制度是继台湾和朝鲜半岛后,日本在海外建立的又一殖民地货币体系。伪满洲国货币制度的建立为日本侵略者对我国东北地区的经济侵略和殖民统治疏通了道路。     

BUDGETING IN A TIME OF AUSTERITY: THE CASE OF THE ESTONIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Resulting from the global economic crisis, high budget deficits and debt burden characterise many economies looking for an exit strategy from current fiscal unbalances. The government of Estonia, having pursued a conservative fiscal policy for over a decade, reacted to the economic recession with radical budget adjustments, the latter constituting approximately 9% of gross domestic product in 2009. Consequently, Estonia took its chance and qualified for the euro in 2011. This study examines the behaviour of the Estonian central government and the basis of its budget decisions when planning drastic cost reductions through the theoretical lens of cutback management. The foremost results reveal that the crisis pushed the government to establish a different institutional framework that facilitated fast and effective decision‐making during the budget process. The savings proposals came from the Ministry of Finance; however, running a cash‐basis line‐item budgeting system in practice, the centre possessed only limited performance data for developing the proposals. Consequently, the long‐term impacts of the budget adjustments had not been assessed and are as yet unknown. A further conclusion is that the current budgeting framework should be revised and replaced step by step with a more advanced approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北宋帐籍与会计录制度浅析

北宋建立了较为完备的财政收支统计与监管体系,帐籍作为每年地方向中央上交的财政运行状况的总结,一方面反映地方财政收支及完成中央上供状况,为中央制定下一步的财政政策提供依据;另一方面作为地方官员的述职记录,成为衡量政绩的参考。会计录为中央财政主管部门编订,在特定情况下反映一定时期全国财政状况,以此为主政者制定或修改政策提供借鉴。从宋代帐籍与会计录的相互关系人手,在厘清二者差别、明确二者联系的基础上,反映宋代帐籍与会计录编制的意义与作用。     

口供中心主义之辩

口供中心主义最主要的内涵在于依口供可以定案和无口供不可定案两个方面。从法律理论和实践的维度分析,口供中心主义内涵的这两个方面都具有明显的可接受性,口供中心主义的命题实际上能够成立。然而,口供中心主义是一种口供中心的客观主义,而非主观主义,它对刑事诉讼的影响主要是正面的,而非负面的。