Contribution of Antemortem Computed Tomography Findings to Cause of Death Determination: An Unusual Fatal Stroke

In the case reported here, the antemortem computed tomography scan (CT scan) was essential in the forensic investigation. A 32‐year‐old man was found fully awake with a facial abrasion, after what seemed to be a car accident. He lost consciousness suddenly one hour after initial management. Successive CT scan showed a facial fracture and a metallic foreign body in the carotid canal associated with an occlusion/dissection of the left internal carotid, a pseudoaneurysm, and a carotid‐cavernous fistula. The victim died from a stroke. Autopsy confirmed that the facial abrasion was a gunshot entrance wound, the metallic foreign body being a projectile. Intracranial vascular injuries linked with gunshot wounds are most of the time isolated and due to pelet embolism. The observed vascular injury association has never been described in the existing literature. The CT scan provided a better understanding of the chronology of events that led to death.     

公安院校人才培养模式的构建

公安院校人才培养有一定的特殊性,结合当前教育理念和公安人才培养的目标,探讨公安院校“一实三强五双”人才培养模式,有利于丰富公安教育理论和指导人才培养实践。     

宋词中的“扇”意象及其内涵与情感基调

到了宋代,"扇"意象成为词中常见的意象之一.无论通过"扇"为女性代言,还是借女性"团扇"之悲写不遇之情,还是直言"扇"写词人自己的惜别、怀旧或是寄寓之情,总笼罩着一层颇为感伤的情感色彩.这与"扇"意象本身的文化积淀及宋词总体的情感基调有着密切的关系."扇"意象在宋词中得到更深更远的发展,充满永恒的艺术魅力.     

Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: on-the-road-detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders

This paper deals with the police officer's or police doctor's ability to find drivers under the influence of drugs. We have also studied whether the protocol on the driver's previous histories of drug intake is useful for directing the chemist in his analytical approach to revealing intoxicants in the suspects' body fluids. A comprehensive procedure for screening traffic-hazardous drugs in the urine was found necessary and is described. By using this method, we have studied the incidence of drunken drivers with detectable medicinal or illicit agents. The results demonstrate that 91% of those drivers found by the officer or doctor of the police to be on intoxicants other than ethanol, carried some kind of traffic-hazardous drug in their body fluids, and that the doctor was a better judge than the police in identifying these offenders. By using a series of chemical methods for drug screening, we found that every third driver suspected of drunken driving due to ethanol, but not to other intoxicants, held some kind of a traffic-hazardous drug substance in his urine; benzodiazepines and cannabinoids were the most common findings. The data imply that 34% of these suspects revealed their intakes of traffic-dangerous intoxicants. We conclude that the judgements of both the officer and doctor of the police are needed for an efficacious detection of drivers under the influence of drugs. Moreover, the results infer that the chemist has to screen for intoxicants to reveal these in a suspect driver. We also conclude that drugs, particularly the benzodiazepines or cannabinoids, may be commonly encountered in drunken drivers, suspected of being inebriated by ethanol but no other toxicants.     

论央地法律关系中的宪法主体及其利益博弈

中央与地方之间的法律关系,是宪法学上的一个基本命题,受到多方宪法主体的影响。由于宪法基础的缺失,我国央地关系的协调呈现出了较多的非理性色彩。为此,就必须透过多方宪法主体之间的博弈与互动,理解和把握央地法律关系的实质和全貌,在宪政层面上实现央地间的规范性分权,构建起制度化的公平、公正的利益博弈机制。     

我国东、中、西部地区农民财产性收入差距探析

党的十七大报告首次明确提出"创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入",基于数据统计分析我国东、中、西部地区农民财产性收入差距变化趋势与原因,进一步缩小收入差距,提高农民的财产性收入,需大力发展中、西部地区农村经济,完善农村金融市场,增强农民理财观念。     

Diagnosis of Hemorrhagic Stroke in an Exhumed Brain After Three Years of Burial in a Deep Grave

Abstract: We present the forensic neuropathologic analysis of an exhumed decomposed brain following long‐term interment in a 50‐year‐old white woman, who had been buried for 34 months. Next of kin authorized exhumation of the body for an autopsy to determine the cause of death. The embalmed body was anatomically intact and revealed decompositional changes with mold colonies. Internal viscera showed intact histomorphology. The brain revealed diffuse congestive swelling and extracellular edema with dissecting parenchymal hemorrhage and hematoma originating from the left putamen and thalamus and extending to the left lateral ventricle. Excitotoxic neuronal injury as well as penumbric parenchymal changes was noted. Cause of death was determined to be a hypertensive cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage. This case and our previously reported case are sentinel cases, which should encourage and guide the forensic neuropathologic work‐up and investigation of causes of death in spite of long‐term burial in deep graves.     

基于模糊影响因素的台湾人口死亡率估计

本文基于1981--2010年台湾人口死亡率数据,对人口死亡率估计模型进行深层次分析。研究发现：（1）1—100岁之间各年龄组别中心死亡率与时间因素存在显著负相关;45岁以后,时间对各年龄组别中心死亡率的影响程度形成“矿’字型。（2）不同年龄组和不同时间段之间过渡时所呈现的“亦此亦彼”性,即模糊性,对死亡率的影响在现有的死亡率估计模型中常被忽视。（3）死亡率的不确定性主要源自模糊不确定性,本文构建的死亡率模糊模型可以提高死亡率估计精度。     

政府环境治理工作的公众评价：央地差距与结构性制约

近年来,随着环境问题日益受到社会各界的重视,政府在环境治理工作中的表现正成为公众关注的重点。但是,我们对于目前我国政府环境治理工作公众评价的基本情况和影响因素还知之甚少。基于对中国综合社会调查2013年（CGSS2013）数据的分析,我们发现,我国公众对于中央政府环境治理工作的评价显著高于地方政府,包括受教育程度、收入水平、社会经济地位感知、政治身份、城乡差距和地区差距在内的结构性因素制约着公众对于政府环境治理工作的评价。在对研究发现进行深入讨论的基础上,进一步提炼了研究发现在政策意义上的启示。     

ICF脑卒中核心分类组合功能的图形建模研究

目的依据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)》脑卒中核心组合,探讨脑卒中相关功能类目之间的关系,绘制ICF脑卒中核心分类组合的功能地形图,为脑卒中的伤残评定提供科学理论依据。方法收集106例脑卒中被鉴定人样本,采用"最小的绝对缩减和变量选择算子",研究脑卒中ICF核心组合功能的59项类目变量之间的条件依存关系,并用图形建模分析类目之间的内在联系,绘制功能地形图。结果 59项类目之间的相互联系构成了功能地形图,b340、b735、b175和b152因关联性较高而居于地形图的中心位置。结论脑卒中功能地形图可以揭示ICF功能类目之间复杂的关系结构及关联程度。可以为应用ICF进行脑卒中的伤残评定提供科学理论依据。