人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨哈氏系统图像分析的比较

目的探讨人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨的哈氏系统的形态特点、图像分析特点及其鉴别要点。方法制作人与狗、猪、牛、羊长骨中段横切磨片35张,光镜下观察比较哈氏系统,并在研究型显微镜下进行图像分析。结果人骨无丛状骨和骨单位带;人与狗、猪、牛、羊骨的哈氏系统在形状、大小、分布位置、均匀程度等方面存在明显差异;人骨哈佛骨板层数最多,哈氏系统直径最大;中央管直径和面积百分比的图像分析结果显示人与动物骨的差异均有显著意义。结论(1)丛状骨、骨单位带在种属鉴定中可作为人骨的排除指标;(2)人骨与狗、猪、牛、羊骨在哈氏系统结构方面有明显区别;(3)利用图像分析进行种属鉴定,中央管面积百分比是区别人骨与动物骨的重要参考指标。     

我国经济执法的重心应当上移

经济执法的级别管辖问题既是经济法的实施问题,也是行政执法的程序问题,与中央政府和地方政府的事权划分问题直接相关。目前中国的经济执法以地方政府为主,其实施中遇到的最大问题是地方保护主义,要克服这一顽症,需要将经济执法的重心上移到比较高层级的政府——直至中央政府。这不仅与经济法管理事务的受益范围——属于全国性和跨省的事务相符合,也符合建立权力和责任高度统一的中央政府和地方政府的需要。     

针刺"开瘖五穴"结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中后运动性失语临床观察

目的 观察针刺“开瘖五穴”结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中后运动性失语的临床疗效。方法 将60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用“开瘖五穴”针刺法结合语言康复训练,对照组采用传统针刺法结合语言康复训练。7 d为1个疗程,治疗3个疗程后,采用汉语失语症检查法（ABC法）评价患者的语言功能,采用中国式功能性语言沟通能力检测法（Chinese functional communication profile,CFCP）评价患者的语言沟通能力,基于汉语失语症检查法（ABC法）评分改善率判定临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后各项语言功能评分和CFCP评分均显著升高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组治疗后口语表达评分和听理解评分升高值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 针刺“开瘖五穴”结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中后运动性失语的临床疗效与传统针刺相当,均能改善患者语言能力。     

中亚——日本双边、多边关系及其对中国的启示

中亚各国与日本建立外交关系以来,随着官方交往水平的提高,其伙伴关系稳步发展。1997年,"新丝路外交"这一概念总结了日本的中亚政策。21世纪伊始,新的地区伙伴开始受到中亚的欢迎。20多年间,日本与中亚的合作突出了几个特别的领域,即教育、区域经济发展、政治改革以及能源资源,其多边外交关系提升到了建立"中亚+日本"的对话机制。构建"丝绸之路经济带"的构想,反映了中国领导人对中亚政策的重要体现,反映了中国的中亚战略。日本的中亚政策,会在一定程度上给中国与中亚国家合作关系的发展造成一些影响,但是不能看作遏制中国与中亚国家合作关系的政策,应从中获得一定的启示。     

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The article examines the political origins and impact of recent managerial reform (the shift from the professional bureaucracy model of public administration to the new public management [NPM]) in UK local government. Two key drivers of managerial reform are identified: central–local relations and labour management. The former are historically complex due, partly, to the Victorian expediential justification of local government, and the tenuous constitutional status of local government in the British polity. These factors necessitate and permit central control with models of public administration a key mechanism for achieving this. In addition, as 70% of overall sector costs are made up of centrally funded labour costs, the centre's attempts to control labour management (pay and performance) is a second key driver of managerial reform. And models of public administration, again, are a major mechanism for achieving central control. The analysis is rooted in a brief historical examination of developments from the 1880s, and a longitudinal case study examining more recent developments to illustrate the general case made. Empirical findings show councillor, union and worker resistance to managerial reform. They also show job loss, work intensification, job insecurity and demoralisation of staff. Another key finding is that NPM is not new, but a regression to the Victorian era.     

Factors Explaining Public Participation in the Central Government Budget Process

This paper attempts to examine which factors explain public participation in the budget process in an international comparative approach. In particular, we investigate which socioeconomic, institutional, and political factors promote public engagement in the central government budget process. Using a sample of 93 countries, our results indicate that Internet penetration, population diversity, governmental financial situation, and budget transparency determine opportunities for public engagement in the central government budget process. In addition, we show that not only budget transparency promotes public participation but also public participation is necessary to enhance budget transparency.     

Public Participation in Budgeting: The New Path of Budget Reform in Thailand

The purposes of this article are three fold. First is to explore the status of public participation budgeting in central, regional, and local administrative levels of Thailand. Second is to develop a model of public participation budgeting that fits with the contexts of each level. Third is to recommend some directions for budgetary reform in Thailand. This article employs qualitative methodologies using a multi-method approach for data collection, including in-depth interviews, focus groups, and work visits. The findings are discussed and compared with international experiences. Finally, a public participation budgeting typology is proposed and guidelines for budget reform are provided.     

Taming the real estate boom in the EU: Pathways to macroprudential (in)action

In the fallout of the 2008 crisis, macroprudential policy has been installed as the policy remedy against future financial instability, a primary focus being developments in the real estate sector. With house prices consistently rising in the EU since 2014, causing alarm among macroprudential supervisory bodies, a core question of EU regulatory governance is how far macroprudential bodies have been capable of bringing about countercyclical actions against the build-up of such vulnerabilities. This paper investigates this question using a novel dataset of macroprudential intensity coded for the 17 EU countries that experienced real estate vulnerabilities post-euro crisis. Specifically, it asks which configuration of conditions account for the (in)capacity of countries to impose stringent countercyclical regulations against housing booms? Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis technics coupled with qualitative analysis of country cases using expert interviews, we find that the absence of political salience of homeownership and the political independence of macroprudential authorities to be crucial conditions that jointly explain countercyclical macroprudential activity. These findings, which show two pathways to action have implications for the capacity of the EU to prevent future crises and future reform of the EU prudential framework.     

古代行政中枢机构的嬗变及其走势

宰相在中国古代作为“百官之长”，所谓“一人之下，万人之上”，是辅佐君主处理国家大政的最高行政长官。宰相制度是君主制度的调节机制和必要补充。本介绍了与宰相制度相适应的行政中枢机构的萌发、形成、发展和转换过程，力图在动态描述中把握中央辅政体制的演变规律和发展态势，从中获得有益的启示。     

从“非人类中心主义”看动物权利的理论基础

非人类中心主义环境伦理学的兴起,标志着伦理道德价值的时代转向.在人类中心主义看来,人是自然其他存在物的目的,人类对自然其他存在物并不负有直接的道德义务.这在非人类中心主义看来是狭隘的,也是当代环境问题的根源.由于非人类中心主义突破了人类中心论把"道德"理解成调节人与人之间的关系.把道德关怀的范围扩展到人以外的物种,这就意味着将动物吸纳到"道德顾客"的范围之内.当代动物权利论的理论基础.正是源自于此.