川芎嗪、黄芪合用对脑缺血再灌注后脑组织c-jun蛋白表达影响

目的：探讨局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白的表达及川芎嗪、黄芪对其表达的影响。方法：成年雄性ＳＤ大鼠２４只随机分成４组。Ａ组：模型组,即脑缺血再灌注组（ｎ＝６）;Ｂ组：川芎嗪治疗组（ｎ＝６）;Ｃ组：黄芪治疗组（ｎ＝６）;Ｄ组：川芎嗪、黄芪合用组（ｎ＝６）。采用免疫组化与医学图像分析系统相结合的方法,测定４组大鼠大脑皮层ｃ－ｊｉｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度值。结果：４组大鼠脑组织缺血侧ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度均低于对侧,即非缺血侧（Ｐ〈０．０１）;在缺血侧脑组织,Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ３组分别与Ａ组比较,ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度均明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｄ组与Ｂ、Ｃ组比较,ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白表达显著升高;川芎嗪、黄芪以及两药合     

灯盏细辛与复方丹参注射液治疗脑梗死疗效比较的Meta分析

目的 系统评价灯盏细辛对比复方丹参治疗脑梗死的疗效。方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库和维普数据库,并辅以手工检索和其他检索,收集灯盏细辛治疗脑梗死的随机对照试验,检索时间截至2013年7月。由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料,并采用Jadad量表对纳入研究进行质量评价后,用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入23个随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示,灯盏细辛改善神经缺损的效果优于复方丹参,灯盏细辛对脑梗死的有效率高于复方丹参,灯盏细辛的不良反应轻微。结论 灯盏细辛可有效治疗脑梗死,其效果优于复方丹参,不良反应轻微。     

脑挫伤大鼠胶质细胞GFAP、S100的表达及其损伤时间的推断

目的观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和S100的表达,观察脑损伤后星形胶质细胞随脑损伤时间的变化规律,研究其在脑损伤及神经修复中的作用。方法建立脑挫伤模型,利用免疫组化染色(SP法)观察大鼠脑挫伤后GFAP、S100在伤后不同时间星形细胞中的表达。并应用图像分析技术对其作定量统计分析处理。结果(1)伤后1h时GFAP阳性表达开始增多,阳性物质表达随时间大致呈线性上升7d达最大值,然后阳性物质染色强度和面积呈下降趋势。(2)伤后12h组可见S100阳性表达活性增高,S100阳性细胞数目逐渐增多,5d时达高峰后显著下降,但仍高于对照组。结论脑挫伤后星形胶质细胞的表达水平的变化有一定时间规律性,在脑挫伤时间推断中及神经组织修复中有一定作用。     

An Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains with Cerebral Palsy: Associated Skeletal Age Delay and Dental Pathologies*

Abstract: In 2002 the authors were asked to examine the skeletal remains of an individual with a known history of severe cerebral palsy (CP) who was 21–23 years old at death. Skeletal age estimates of 11–15 years and dental age estimates of c. 16 years are younger than the known age of the decedent. Skeletal analysis also identified dental pathologies such as chronic tooth grinding and substantial calculus deposits. Scarce literature exists on forensic human remains cases with CP, and this study contrasts the age discrepancy and other features of this case with typical clinical characteristics of CP. A review of the CP literature suggests that delayed skeletal maturation and dental pathologies such as those observed in this case are indicative of complications related to CP. This article may alert future investigators to some of the osteological signs of CP and the probability that age indicators may be misleading.     

Fat embolism syndrome associated with atraumatic compartment syndrome of the bilateral upper extremities: An unreported etiology

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a potentially life-threatening condition that develops when fat embolism leads to clinical symptoms and multisystem dysfunction. The classic triad of respiratory distress, neurologic symptoms, and petechial rash are non-specific, and the lack of specific laboratory tests makes the diagnosis of FES difficult. Although FES is most common after long bone fractures, multiple conditions some of which are atraumatic have been associated with the development of FES. We report a case of FES that occurred in the setting of a non-traumatic compartment syndrome of the upper extremities. The pathologic and clinical findings, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and pathologic methods to properly diagnose FES are discussed with a review of the relevant literature. This case highlights the importance of the autopsy in making a diagnosis of FES in cases where death could otherwise be incorrectly attributed to multi-organ system failure, shock, or sepsis.     

猪离体心脏冠状动脉的MSCT造影

目的 通过对猪离体心脏冠状动脉进行多层螺旋CT（MSCT）造影成像,探索离体心脏血管造影技术的具体操作方法及参数.方法 应用自主改装的血管造影装置,分别将脂溶性和水溶性对比剂以不同灌注量（50、60、70 mL）和不同灌注-成像时间间隔（5、10、20 min）灌注猪离体心脏冠状动脉,进行MSCT扫描和三维图像效果比较,由2名放射科医生对各组的造影成像效果进行评估和记录,并对结果进行统计学分析. 结果 脂溶性对比剂对冠状动脉周围脂肪造成浸润和破坏而影响造影成像效果,而水溶性对比剂未出现类似结果.灌注-成像时间间隔为5 min,且灌注量为60 mL和70 mL时造影成像质量最佳. 结论 本研究的血管造影参数为后期开展尸体在体心脏冠脉造影奠定基础.     

Alcohol intoxication may exacerbate the effects of blunt cranial trauma through changes in brain free magnesium levels

Moderate to high levels of alcohol decrease brain intracellular free magnesium concentration, a factor known to be critical in brain injury. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to examine changes to brain free magnesium concentration after blunt cranial trauma in alcohol-intoxicated rats. Rats exposed acutely or chronically to alcohol sufficient to increase blood alcohol levels to between 150 and 350 mg/dL demonstrated a brain free magnesium level that was 20-50% less than in nonintoxicated animals (p < 0.01). After injury, brain free magnesium levels declined more rapidly and to a greater extent in alcohol-affected animals than in nonintoxicated control animals (p < 0.001). As both preinjury depletion of magnesium and degree of magnesium decline after brain injury have been associated with poor recovery, these findings suggest that moderate to severe alcohol intoxication may predispose the brain to a worse outcome by reducing brain free magnesium levels, both before and after injury.     

Massive systemic fat embolism detected by postmortem imaging and biopsy*

Postmortem computed tomography (pmCT) and pmCT angiography (pmCTA) provide a minimally invasive method to determine the cause of death. Postmortem image-guided biopsy allows for precise sampling of histological specimens. This case study describes the findings of lethal systemic fat embolism (FE) on whole-body unenhanced pmCT, pmCTA, and image-guided biopsy, with autopsy and histopathologic correlation. Unenhanced pmCT revealed a distinct fat level on top of sedimented layers of corpuscular blood particles and serum in the arterial system and pulmonary trunk. Subsequent pmCTA showed reproducible results, and image-guided biopsy confirmed fatal FE. pm CT/pmCTA combined with image-guided biopsy established the cause of death as right heart failure as a result of systemic fatal FE prior to autopsy. All imaging findings were consistent with traditional autopsy and histological specimens. This unique case demonstrates new imaging findings in massive, fatal FE and highlights that postmortem imaging, supplemented by image-guided biopsy, may detect the cause of death prior to traditional autopsy.     

气虚血瘀证局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠血浆及脑组织cAMP、cGMP含量动态研究

目的:复制气虚血瘀证局灶性脑缺血再灌注动物模型,探索病证结合动物模型环腺苷酸(cAMP)和环鸟苷酸(cGMP)含量的动态变化特点. 方法:选用Wistar大鼠,采用饥饿、疲劳、寒湿、惊恐、高脂饮食等多因素复合方法复制气虚血瘀证动物模型,采用线栓法阻塞大鼠大脑中动脉复制局部脑缺血再灌注动物模型,缺血2 h分别再灌注1,3,7 d,观察缺血侧额顶叶皮质、海马脑组织及血浆cAMP、cGMP含量变化.结果:模型鼠缺血再灌注后,血浆和脑组织cAMP含量均显著升高,cGMP含量均明显下降,血浆cAMP以3 d最高, 脑组织、血浆cGMP和脑组织cAMP以1 d最低. 结论:气虚血瘀证局灶性脑缺血再灌注病证结合动物模型,基本符合气虚血瘀证特点和现代医学脑缺血再灌注后环核苷酸变化规律.     

颅脑损伤与人格障碍的关系研究

目的　为探讨颅脑损伤与人格改变的相互关系 ,特别是颅脑损伤的严重程度与人格改变的严重程度是否平行 ,为颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定提供科学依据。方法　对 1 97例颅脑损伤鉴定案例及住院病例进行分析 ,并对其中伴有人格改变的案例的颅脑损伤严重程度和人格改变的严重程度的相关性和其他影响因素进行分析。结果　 1 97例颅脑损伤中有 1 6 2例出现人格改变 ,占 82 3% ;其中在 1 1 3例中的重度颅脑损伤案例中 ,有 98例伴有人格改变 ,占 86 7% ;其中衰弱型人格改变与攻击型人格改变之比为 6 3:35 ;在 84例轻微颅脑损伤病例中 ,有 6 4例伴有人格改变 ,占 76 2 % ,衰弱型与攻击型之比为 4 0 :2 4 ;2 3例女性患者有 1 7例出现人格改变 ,衰弱型与攻击型之比为 1 3:4。结论　颅脑损伤的严重程度与人格改变的严重程度无相关性 ,轻微颅脑损伤所引起的严重攻击型人格改变是法医精神病学鉴定中的特殊课题