人脑挫伤后S-100和GFAP的变化

应用免疫组织化学染色 ,观察人脑挫伤后 S- 10 0和 GFAP时间变化的规律 ,为脑挫伤形成时间的推断提供新的形态学依据。S- 10 0阳性细胞面积、灰度在伤后 48h显著增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;伤后 4d阳性细胞面积、灰度达到峰值 (P<0 .0 1) ;伤后 11d仍然保持较高水平 (P<0 .0 1)。GFAP阳性细胞面积、灰度伤后 2 4h显著增加 (P<0 .0 1) ;7d达高峰 (P<0 .0 1) ;以后有逐渐下降的趋势。伤后人脑组织 S- 10 0和 GFAP免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞面积、灰度改变有时间规律 ,两者可作为在 2～ 2 0 d内不同时间脑损伤的推断指标     

Hemorrhagic Retinopathy and Optic Nerve Sheath Hemorrhage Associated With Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Due to Segmental Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia is an idiopathic, nonatheromatous, and noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly affects the renal and carotid arteries. We report a child with subarachnoid and ocular hemorrhage associated with an aneurysm due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Computed tomography following a witnessed collapse revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe cerebral edema. An autopsy confirmed the radiographic findings and detected bilateral retinal hemorrhages, optic nerve sheath hemorrhages, and a ruptured saccular aneurysm due to focal fibromuscular dysplasia involving the intracranial right vertebral artery. This case documents a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a child with an intracranial saccular aneurysm caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The associated retinal hemorrhages are easily detected by postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.     

川芎嗪、黄芪合用对脑缺血再灌注后脑组织c-jun蛋白表达影响

目的：探讨局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白的表达及川芎嗪、黄芪对其表达的影响。方法：成年雄性ＳＤ大鼠２４只随机分成４组。Ａ组：模型组,即脑缺血再灌注组（ｎ＝６）;Ｂ组：川芎嗪治疗组（ｎ＝６）;Ｃ组：黄芪治疗组（ｎ＝６）;Ｄ组：川芎嗪、黄芪合用组（ｎ＝６）。采用免疫组化与医学图像分析系统相结合的方法,测定４组大鼠大脑皮层ｃ－ｊｉｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度值。结果：４组大鼠脑组织缺血侧ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度均低于对侧,即非缺血侧（Ｐ〈０．０１）;在缺血侧脑组织,Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ３组分别与Ａ组比较,ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度均明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,Ｄ组与Ｂ、Ｃ组比较,ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白阳性细胞平均灰度明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑组织ｃ－ｊｕｎ蛋白表达显著升高;川芎嗪、黄芪以及两药合     

糖尿病合并脑梗死急性期证候演变的聚类分析

目的 探究糖尿病合并脑梗死急性期患者证候的演变规律。方法 共纳入102例糖尿病合并脑梗死急性期患者,分别在发病第3天（72 h内）、第7天、第15天采集患者的四诊信息,对四诊变量进行层次聚类分析,对不同时点的证候要素进行动态分析。结果 层次聚类分析结果提示,发病第3天证候可聚为阴虚、内风、气虚血瘀、痰热四类,发病第7天的证候可聚为气阴两虚、痰热、血瘀、痰湿、内风五类,发病第15天的证候可聚为血瘀、气阴两虚、痰热、痰湿四类。结论 糖尿病合并脑梗死急性期不同时点的证候要素与文献报道相似,发病72 h内以内风较为突出,而后则以痰热、痰湿、血瘀证候为主,气阴两虚贯穿于糖尿病合并脑梗死的急性期。     

人脑挫伤周围早期星形胶质细胞反应 定性定量分析初步研究

目的探讨脑挫伤灶周围早期反应性肿胀和增生胶质细胞的生物学特性和法医学意义。方法应用常规HE染色、GFAP免疫组化染色和图像分析技术,对尸检人脑组织挫伤周围星形胶质细胞反应进行定性定量分析。结果脑挫伤周围星形胶质细胞在伤后很短时间内（小于5分钟）即可反应性肿胀和增生;随伤后经过时间延长,肿胀程度逐渐减弱;星形胶质细胞反应与脑挫伤的部位有一定关系。结论这种反应性星形胶质细胞有可能作为诊断轻度脑挫伤和判断脑挫伤早期损伤经过时间的指标。     

脑挫伤大鼠胶质细胞GFAP、S100的表达及其损伤时间的推断

目的观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和S100的表达,观察脑损伤后星形胶质细胞随脑损伤时间的变化规律,研究其在脑损伤及神经修复中的作用。方法建立脑挫伤模型,利用免疫组化染色(SP法)观察大鼠脑挫伤后GFAP、S100在伤后不同时间星形细胞中的表达。并应用图像分析技术对其作定量统计分析处理。结果(1)伤后1h时GFAP阳性表达开始增多,阳性物质表达随时间大致呈线性上升7d达最大值,然后阳性物质染色强度和面积呈下降趋势。(2)伤后12h组可见S100阳性表达活性增高,S100阳性细胞数目逐渐增多,5d时达高峰后显著下降,但仍高于对照组。结论脑挫伤后星形胶质细胞的表达水平的变化有一定时间规律性,在脑挫伤时间推断中及神经组织修复中有一定作用。     

实验性脑挫伤后caspase-3表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的 观察大鼠在不同程度及不同时间脑挫伤后caspase-3表达的变化。方法 对48例实验性脑挫伤大鼠的脑组织进行检验,同时以10例非脑挫伤的脑组织做对照。结果 伤后1h,caspase-3即有表达;24～48h达高峰,2周时仍有阳性细胞存在。阳性细胞多集中于挫伤区及周围带皮质和脑实质内海马区;不同程度脑挫伤组之间于伤后1h,12h,24h,72h,1周和2周caspase-3表达有差异。结论 不同程度脑损伤后caspase-3表达量不同;在脑损伤后caspase-3的表达有时间变化规律,对探讨脑挫伤后二次损害原因和研究脑挫伤程度有一定意义。     

大鼠脊髓挫伤后BDNF表达的实验性研究

目的探讨大鼠脊髓挫伤后脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在脊髓内的表达变化规律。方法建立大鼠脊髓挫伤模型,以正常脊髓组织为对照,采用RT-PCR和免疫组化SABC法对伤后即刻、1h、3h、6h、12h、1d、3d、5d、7d大鼠脊髓组织中的BDNF和BDNF mRNA进行检测,并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果正常大鼠脊髓组织细胞内有低水平的BDNF mRNA表达和少量BDNF阳性染色细胞,BDNF mRNA和BDNF的积分光密度(IOD)值分别为45.83±3.545、20286.225±2094.955,BDNF阳性细胞数为16.50±3.391;伤后6~12h,BDNF mRNA和BDNF呈升高趋势,5d达高峰,二者的IOD值及阳性细胞数分别为795.83±112.55、54272.143±2704.239和158.17±12.287。伤后7d,BDNF mRNA和BDNF的IOD值及阳性细胞数分别为655.17±80.871、42249.928±809.391和100.17±5.529。各组之间比较,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BDNF免疫阳性细胞在损伤早期主要是脊髓神经元和少量星形胶质细胞,后期则以小胶质细胞为主。结论大鼠脊髓挫伤后,脊髓组织细胞中的BDNF及其mRNA增多,并随伤后时间呈现一定规律性变化。     

An Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains with Cerebral Palsy: Associated Skeletal Age Delay and Dental Pathologies*

Abstract: In 2002 the authors were asked to examine the skeletal remains of an individual with a known history of severe cerebral palsy (CP) who was 21–23 years old at death. Skeletal age estimates of 11–15 years and dental age estimates of c. 16 years are younger than the known age of the decedent. Skeletal analysis also identified dental pathologies such as chronic tooth grinding and substantial calculus deposits. Scarce literature exists on forensic human remains cases with CP, and this study contrasts the age discrepancy and other features of this case with typical clinical characteristics of CP. A review of the CP literature suggests that delayed skeletal maturation and dental pathologies such as those observed in this case are indicative of complications related to CP. This article may alert future investigators to some of the osteological signs of CP and the probability that age indicators may be misleading.     

Fat embolism syndrome associated with atraumatic compartment syndrome of the bilateral upper extremities: An unreported etiology

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a potentially life-threatening condition that develops when fat embolism leads to clinical symptoms and multisystem dysfunction. The classic triad of respiratory distress, neurologic symptoms, and petechial rash are non-specific, and the lack of specific laboratory tests makes the diagnosis of FES difficult. Although FES is most common after long bone fractures, multiple conditions some of which are atraumatic have been associated with the development of FES. We report a case of FES that occurred in the setting of a non-traumatic compartment syndrome of the upper extremities. The pathologic and clinical findings, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and pathologic methods to properly diagnose FES are discussed with a review of the relevant literature. This case highlights the importance of the autopsy in making a diagnosis of FES in cases where death could otherwise be incorrectly attributed to multi-organ system failure, shock, or sepsis.