利用影响力受贿罪若干问题解读

《刑法》第388条之一是关于利用影响力受贿罪的规定,该法条来源于《刑法修正案(七)》第13条之增设性规定,旨在从严预防和惩治贿赂犯罪。尤其是针对以往不具有国家工作人员身份的人(主要是国家工作人员的"身边人"以及离职的国家工作人员和他们的"身边人"等)索取或收受贿赂后因惩处缺位而借以逃脱法律制裁的状况,立法上作出了相应的改进。然而,在增设了利用影响力受贿罪这一罪名后,必须考虑其与原有的贿赂犯罪罪刑体系如何衔接与协调,特别是有必要对该罪的罪名确定、主体范围、行为特征以及司法适用等问题进行深刻地解读。     

关于“管道燃气初装费”相关法律问题分析

本文认为,我国各地征收的“管道燃气初装费”是不平等的行政性强制收费,目前的三类收费模式均存在不同程度的法律问题.解决这一问题较为可取的途径不是移植国外两部制气价等制度,而应将初装费并入地方政府城市基础设施配套费予以征收并完善相关征管制度,在主管管网建设基本饱和、补偿金每年支出较少的地方应逐步取消本项收费.     

The intersection of race and gender: an examination of sentencing outcomes in North Carolina

This study examines the intersection of offenders’ race and gender in the sentencing process using data on felony cases sentenced in North Carolina. Analyses examine the likelihood that charges were reduced in severity between initial filing and conviction, the likelihood of imprisonment, and the length of sentence imposed, and test whether race affects punishment similarly for men and women. Results indicate that status characteristics predict both reductions in charge severity and the severity of the final sentence, and that racial disparity is conditional on gender. However, the results are not entirely consistent with predictions derived from the extant literature. Gender significantly predicts case outcomes at each stage, but black men were not uniformly disadvantaged, and black women received the least severe treatment in two out of four analyses. Theoretical implications for the intersection of race and gender in sentencing theories are discussed.     

厦门崇联进出口有限公司诉A.P.穆勒-马士基有限公司海上货物运输合同纠纷上诉案评析

在介绍福建省高级人民法院审理的厦门崇联进出口有限公司与A.P.穆勒-马士基有限公司海上货物运输合同纠纷上诉案的基础上,分析了FOB贸易条件下的卖方被记载为提单托运人时其法律地位的认定,并结合中国现行法律规定及相关司法实践对该案进行了评析,指出即使FOB卖方被认定为《中华人民共和国海商法》下的＂实际托运人＂,在提单载明运费到付且实际托运人对集装箱超期使用费的产生不存在过失的情况下,承运人无权要求＂实际托运人＂承担前述运费及集装箱超期使用费。建议在《中华人民共和国海商法》修订时对两类托运人的权利、义务、责任进行明确规定。     

以刑制罪:刑法教义学与刑事政策学相互贯通的路径选择

刑法教义学与刑事政策之间不仅是宏观的关系构造,还有微观的勾连论证,尤其是后者,在风险社会背景下具有更加重要的理论价值和实践意义。刑法刑事政策化是我国刑法教义学的发展方向,为了推动刑法教义学与刑事政策从相互隔离到相互融通,就需要在刑法理论上为政策要素进入刑事教义学构建合适路径。在消弭刑法教义学与刑事政策学李斯特鸿沟的过程中,以刑制罪司法逻辑具有特殊的价值和意义。     

《刑法》罪名确定机制的演进与革新——由全国人大常委会确定《刑法》罪名的建议

目前,《刑法》或《刑法修正案》出台后由最高人民法院、最高人民检察院以司法解释形式确定新规定犯罪之称谓的传统罪名确定机制存在诸多弊端．如易背离立法本意、效率低下等。以与时俱进之理念革新现行《刑法》罪名确定机制势在必行,考虑我国刑事司法的实际状况,在经过与《刑法修正案》同步出台立法解释和在《刑法修正案》中直接规定罪名两个阶段的过渡后,最终将实现由最高立法机关在刑法典中直接规定罪名的理想目标。     

日本诉因制度与我国公诉方式改革

诉因制度是日本刑事诉讼法借鉴大陆法系职权主义诉讼程序和英美法系对抗主义诉讼程序的一项独创。在刑事诉讼中,诉因制度有利于调整诉辩审三者之间的关系,保持公诉机关起诉的稳定性,防止司法权的滥用以及维护辩护方的合法权益,因而是值得我国在刑事司法改革的理论与实践中予以关注的。然而,对于诉因制度的具体内容,特别是诉因制度的涵义、运行规则和借鉴意义,我国学界的探讨并不多见,且远未形成一致而清晰的看法。诉因制度对我国刑事司法改革,特别是公诉方式改革具有借鉴意义。     

论相对刑事责任年龄承担责任范围的标准

我国《刑法》第17条第2款规定:"已满14周岁不满16周岁的人,犯故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡、强奸、抢劫、贩卖毒品、放火、爆炸、投放危险物质罪的,应当负刑事责任。"对于这8种犯罪是指犯罪行为还是具体罪名,刑法学界展开了激烈的争论,大体上有罪行说、罪名说两种观点。相对刑事责任年龄承担责任范围的标准具有不确定性,对于相对刑事责任年龄承担刑事责任的范围标准不能一概而论,应该具体问题具体分析。因此在罪行说和罪名说的基础上引入附条件的刑事责任年龄制,对于完善相对刑事责任年龄人承担责任范围的标准具有一定意义。     

TRACING CHARGE TRAJECTORIES: A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF RACE IN CHARGE CHANGES AT CASE SCREENING,ARRAIGNMENT, AND DISPOSITION*

Although social scientists and legal scholars have made valuable headway in identifying and explaining the relationships between myriad demographic, social, and legal factors and case outcomes, a sizable gap in understanding remains with respect to how cases evolve across decision points and how charges change for different racial and ethnic groups at individual decision points and cumulatively. This gap is partially addressed in this study through the examination of charge decreases, increases, and no change at three essential decision points—case screening for prosecution, arraignment, and final disposition. The results show that, overall, screening and disposition were much more dynamic decision points than was arraignment and that one third of cases experienced a charge decrease at some point. Even though racial differences in charge reductions at case screening were not large, at arraignment and disposition, as well as cumulatively, Black and Latino defendants were less likely than White defendants to have charges decreased. Conversely, Asian defendants experienced even more favorable outcomes than White defendants as they were more likely to have charges reduced and less likely to experience an increase. These findings are framed in the context of focal concerns, cumulative disadvantage, and “charge reasonableness” arguments.     

魏晋谋反罪中的兄弟连坐——基于公孙渊案、钟会案、杨骏案的考察

若说魏晋间罪名的界定和相关处罚规定、原则存在因袭汉律或发生变异的话,仅靠律文表述恐怕不足以说明问题,有相关案例可证可佐或许是更重要的依据。就谋反罪中所涉及的兄弟连坐问题而言,公孙渊、钟会、杨骏三案具备兄弟中有人谋反,有人陈情自告却又株连入罪的共性;但处理结果却生杀两殊。在承认古人有遇事求同类比的心理前提下分析三案,恐怕我们对任何案例所要认识的并不仅仅是罪与罚的问题,而是罪与罚背后的法律观念、价值与判断,以及古人是如何理解、接受甚至批判的。