移植法背景下中国律师的作用

本文从中国法制建设的移植法背景出发,首先从知识的类型学角度指出了国家法与地方性规则知识这两种知识之间的张力;其次从理论上论证了律师在缓解这种张力上的沟通作用;最后基于对“律师”这种沟通作用性质的进一步追问,指出中国律师在整个国家政权建设和经济建设中的这种沟通作用实际上是一种合法化作用。     

论宪法中人民主权与基本人权原则的沟通——以哈贝马斯的宪法有效性理论为视角

在宪法原则中，人民主权是逻辑起点，基本人权是终极目标。人民主权表征了国家权力的合法性，基本人权保证了权利的不可侵犯性。但在传统的理论中二者存在着何者优先的张力。哈贝马斯的宪法有效性理论认为，包括宪法在内的法律形成于公民的自我理解，是主体之间商谈的结果，宪法的承受者同时也是法律规则的创造者。宪法中的人权与人民主权原则是同源的，是互为前提、相互证成的；人权使得人民主权的合法行使成为可能，人民主权在法律上的制度化是人权本身的要求。因此，宪法人民主权原则与基本人权原则之间的紧张可以通过宪法的有效性而沟通。     

The effect of ECB communication on interest rates: An assessment

This paper reviews the literature on the communication policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) addressing two questions. First, to what extent has ECB communication affected interest rates? Second, to what extent has ECB communication affected the predictability of the ECB’s interest rate decisions? On the basis of a survey of empirical studies, it is concluded that various forms of ECB communication lead to more volatility. However, studies focusing on volatility cannot assess whether markets moved in the intended direction. To analyze whether this is the case, researchers have coded ECB communications. Studies using this approach yield evidence that communications generally move financial markets in the intended direction. There is also substantive evidence that ECB communications increase the predictability of interest decisions by the ECB Governing Council. Finally, the consequences of the fact that ECB officials often gave contrasting signals to market participants are analyzed. New evidence suggests that inconsistent communication causes agents to make less accurate predictions. The policy implication is that central bankers should take care that their statements are consistent.     

阮初经济恢复与中越经贸文化关系的发展（1802-1847）

阮朝是越南历史上一个重要的，也是最后一个封建王朝。越南学术界对其在历史上的作用评价不一，观点甚至完全相反。本文认为阮朝的历史可分为前后两个时期，阮朝前期国家统一，政治相对稳定，在经济重建和发展与清朝的经贸文化关系方面有积极的作用。阮朝的兴衰有多方面的原因，基本的历史经验与教训是，只有适应时代发展的潮流，革新开放，不断进取，方能长治久安。     

TABOO AND EUPHEMISM

Taboo is a ruin to the principle of appropriateness in using language and is to be avoided for polite communication. Different cultures, though sharing some, have different taboos, which makes it necessary to have some knowledge of taboo both in foreign language and in our own in order to avoid their use and to carry out cross-cultural communication effectively and successfully.Another solution of taboo is the use of euphemism, which is not only to avoid using taboo, but also to beautify the language. Both ...     

A Facebook post is born: exploring the process of generating MPs’ social media presence

Research on political communication between MPs and the public has focused on the role, activities and perceptions of the members of parliament (MPs) themselves. However, the authors’ prior research demonstrated that in fact social media necessitate a new prism through which to study such communication. The contribution of the present study is to look at this relationship through the heretofore under-researched prism of those who in fact are doing much of the actual communication (at least in Israel): the parliamentary assistants (PAs). Whereas other studies tend to focus on the communicative contents, the present research deals mainly with the behind-the-scenes processes that produce such content.

In this study 26 PAs were interviewed in Israel’s Knesset regarding three central questions: What are the goals of the MPs’ activities on Facebook? What are the key obstacles perceived by the assistants while maintaining MPs’ Facebook presence? What are the main professional dilemmas that PAs run into during their Facebook activity on behalf of MPs? By addressing these questions, the paper contributes to generating a more comprehensive picture of the ways political Facebook posts are born, and of the processes through which MPs’ social media presence is generated.     

Talk like a man,walk like a woman: an advanced political communication framework for female politicians

One of the most significant developments of the past decade in the political arena has been the integration of women into senior political positions. Previously, there was a common assumption that female politicians wishing to succeed had to adopt the male communication model, both verbally and non-verbally. This study aims to examine the communication patterns of women in the political sphere. Twenty-four speeches by 12 female politicians in senior political positions from five democratic Western countries were analysed. All speeches were delivered in the respective countries’ legislatures, between 2009 and 2012. This study presents a theoretical framework that maps gender accountability structures of verbal and non-verbal communication patterns. The findings delineate an advanced communication model that indicates that female politicians’ communication consists of a combination of feminine non-verbal communication patterns and masculine verbal communicative expressions. The study expands the theoretical and analytical research on female politicians and develops a gender-communication approach to political communication.     

Assessment of the Effects Exerted by Acid and Alkaline Solutions on Bone: Is Chemistry the Answer?

The treatment of corpses with extremely acid or basic liquids is sometimes performed in criminal contexts. A thorough characterization by chemical analysis may provide further help to macroscopic and microscopic analysis; 63 porcine bone samples were treated with solutions at different pH (1–14) for immersion periods up to 70 days, as well as in extremely acidic sulfuric acid solutions (9 M/18 M) and extremely basic sodium hydroxide. Inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES)/plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that only the sulfuric acid solution 18 M was able to completely dissolve the sample. In addition, chemical analysis allowed to recognize the contact between bone and substances. Hydrated calcium sulfate arose from extreme pH. The possibility of detecting the presence of human material within the residual solution was demonstrated, especially with FT‐IR, ICP‐OES, and EDX.     

中国交通公安简史

本文全面介绍了中国专门公安机关之一——交通公安机关的历史、设置、管理体制和职权。     

Chemical Differences Are Observed in Children’s Versus Adults’ Latent Fingerprints as a Function of Time*

Abstract: The identification of aged latent fingerprints is often difficult, especially for those of children. To understand this phenomenon, the chemical composition of children’s versus adults’ latent fingerprints was examined over time using Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that children’s and adults’ prints were distinguishable for up to 4 weeks after deposition, based on differences in sebum composition. Specifically, adults had a higher lipid content than children, but both decreased over time, attributable to the volatility of free fatty acids. The aliphatic CH₃, aliphatic CH₂, and carbonyl ester compositions changed differently in adults versus children over time, consistent with higher cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in children’s prints and wax esters and glycerides in adults’ prints. Thus, fingerprint composition changes with time differently in children versus adults, making it a sensitive metric to estimate the age of an individual, especially when the age of the print is known.