易制毒化学品犯罪及其惩治对策

目前 ,我国易制毒化学品种类较多 ,管理难度大 ,管理漏洞多 ,易制毒化学品犯罪日趋严重。易制毒化学品犯罪的主要特点是涉及数量大 ,品种多 ,主体复杂 ,隐蔽性强。严厉惩治易制毒化学品犯罪 ,必须提高认识 ,加强领导 ,堵住漏洞 ,严格对缉毒人员的培训 ,提高查缉能力 ,同时要完善相关的法律、法规。     

Toward an Empirical Approach to Evidentiary Ruling

This paper responds to criticisms/misconstruals of our measure of the maximum probative value of evidence (D. Davis & W. C. Follette, 2002), and our conclusions regarding the potentially prejudicial role of intuitive profiling evidence, including motive. We argue that R. D. Friedman and R. C. Park's (2003) criticisms and example cases are largely based on inappropriate violation of the presumption of innocence. Further, we address the merits of our absolute difference measure of probative value versus those of the Bayesian likelihood ratio championed by D. H. Kaye and J. J. Koehler (2003). We recommend methods for presentation of measures of evidence utility that convey complexities of interdependence between new and existing evidence. Finally, we propose a probable cause standard for admission of potentially prejudicial evidence, dictating that admissibility of such evidence should be contingent upon other substantial evidence of guilt.     

Use of subpopulation data in Australian forensic DNA casework

DNA profiling evidence presented in court should be accompanied by a reliable estimate of its evidential weight. In calculating such statistics, allele frequencies from commonly employed autosomal microsatellite loci are required. These allele frequencies should be collected at a level that appropriately represents the genetic diversity that exists in the population. Typically this occurs at broadly defined bio-geographic categories, such as Caucasian or Asian. Datasets are commonly administered at the jurisdictional level. This paper focuses on Australian jurisdictions and assesses whether this current practice is appropriate for Aboriginal Australian and Caucasian populations alike. In keeping with other studies we observe negligible differences between Caucasian populations within Australia when segregated geographically. However segregation of Aboriginal Australian population data along contemporary State and Territory lines appears to mask the diversity that exists within this subpopulation. For this reason datasets collated along more traditional lines may be more appropriate, particularly to distinguish the most genetically differentiated populations residing in the north of the continent.     

The impurity characteristics of methamphetamine synthesized by Emde and Nagai method

Impurity profiling and classification of seized methamphetamine may play an important role in the interpretation of analytical results, the determination of the synthetic method employed, and the criminal investigations of drug traffic routes. Our study is focused on classifying seized methamphetamine samples according to the groups sorted by the types and quantities of impurities present in illicit methamphetamine samples. The samples (100 mg) were dissolved in 2 mL of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), extracted with 200 μL of ethyl acetate under basic condition, and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with a DB-1 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm). Five impurities are used as criteria for the classification of seized methamphetamine samples by Emde and Nagai method. A total of fifty-two samples of seized methamphetamine were analyzed by GC–MS and classified by five organic impurities, and then sorted into four groups, which are Nagai type, Emde Type, Undetermined I type, and Undetermined II type.     

无碳复写字迹的化学消退特征初探

无碳复写消退变造文书案件近年呈增多趋势。采用多种常见有机溶剂对无碳复写字迹进行化学消退实验，并比较消退效果及消退特征，可以为化学消退无碳复写字迹的检验提供基础性研究数据。     

Implementation of a semi-automated processing system for DNA profiling of forensic casework samples

The concept for a semi-automated processing system for DNA analysis of crime scene samples was developed at the Landeskriminalamt Baden-Württemberg (LKA BW) and comprises the extraction of genomic DNA from human cells by ChargeSwitch^® magnetic bead technology (CST), quantification of purified DNA by real-time PCR, amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs) by PCR and DNA fragment length analysis of STRs by capillary electrophoresis. Three liquid handling workstations from Tecan, a real-time PCR device and a 16-channel capillary electrophoresis (CE) system, both from Applied Biosystems (AB), are linked via laboratory data network. Transmission and management of sample and analysis data is enabled by a Laboratory Information and Management System (LIMS). Suitability for a wide range of stain types, early exclusion of DNA-free samples, barcode sample identification and prevention of cross-contaminations guarantee efficiency and high quality standards.     

转轨时期伊尔库次克州的化学工业

伊尔库次克州化学工业在全俄占有重要地位。经过十年转轨,该州化学工业仍面临诸多问题。产生这些问题的原因主要有:很大程度上由苏联解体引起的原有经济联系的破坏;国家实行的不成功的财政信贷政策;国内市场缩小和市场的许多主体无支付能力;企业所有者的无绩效。俄应针对这些问题采取切实可行的措施。     

Crimes of Color: Risk, Profiling, and the Contemporary Racialization of Social Control

In the United States the phenomenon of racial profiling has emerged as an important and controversial issue within political and criminal justice policy debates. For the most part, these debates have assumed a sort of racism at work in order to explain law enforcement's use of criminal profiles largely determined by racial classifications. Accordingly, many have worked to expose this allegedly racist behavior in the hopes that such exposure will bring an end to the practice. This essay argues that racial profiling is embedded in much larger social developments that must be explored in order to understand the role race now plays in the maintenance of social order in contemporary American society.     

Caustic Ingestion—A Forensic Overview

The ingestion of corrosive substances may produce severe burns to the upper aerodigestive tract and stomach, particularly if the pH is greater than 12 or less than two. There is a biphasic age grouping with adult cases most often involving self‐harm and pediatric cases accidental ingestion. Three cases are reported to demonstrate characteristic features following the ingestion of potassium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid and Lysol^®, respectively. All deaths were due to the effects of caustic burns to the upper aerodigestive tract, esophagus and stomach with perforation and/or hemorrhage. The extent of injuries in these cases depends on the nature, amount, and concentration of the agent and on the exposure time. A point to note at autopsy is that tissue damage may also occur from postmortem exposure. Typical injuries involve perioral, limb, and trunk burns, with extensive aerodigestive liquefactive/coagulative necrosis causing hemorrhage and perforation.     

羧化胶乳凝集试验检测边缘无形体血清抗体的研究

利用边缘无形体可溶性抗原 ,以化学交联的方式致敏羧化胶乳制成胶乳抗原 ,成功地建立了一种检测牛边缘无形体血清抗体的胶乳凝集试验 (LAT)诊断方法。用制备的胶乳抗原分别检测瑟氏泰勒虫、双芽巴贝虫、衣原体、附红细胞体阳性血清 ,结果均为阴性 ;与边缘无形体标准阳性血清、免疫牛血清、流行区血清样品均呈明显的凝集反应。研究结果表明 ,LAT方法具有操作简单、快速、敏感性高、特异性强、成本低廉等优点 ,是一种特别适合于基层现场检测边缘无形体血清抗体的新方法。