进城务工人员在二元劳动力市场中的地位与工会的维权思路

在我国社会双重转型时期,劳动力资源配置方面呈现两大特征:一是农村人口城镇化速度加快;二是在城镇形成二元劳动力市场。大量进城务工人员滞留在下层的“次属劳动力市场”,成为“新型工资劳动者”,其合法权益不断受到严重侵犯。其后果是,在全社会劳动力职业结构趋于高级化的同时,城镇底层劳动力群体扩张并构成“沉淀”的劳动力供给群。为促进建立和谐、稳定的劳动关系,工会要站在促进城乡整体协调发展、维护职工长远利益的高度积极推动政府加快配套改革,稳步有序地消除进城务工人员融入城镇、公平就业竞争的制度性制约因素。     

Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

When Public Protection Becomes Punishment? The UK Use of Civil Measures to Contain the Sex Offender

In keeping with many countries the UK has moved the problem of sexual offending up the political agenda. On the criminal justice side sentences have been increased and supervision periods extended. On the civil side a raft of new measures have been put in place to regulate the behaviour of sex offenders in the interest of community safety and child protection; this paper examines these measures and, in particular takes the sex offender ‘register’ as a case study to show how political imperatives have been brought to bear with little reference to the research or professional views of practitioners in this area. It is contended that under these political pressures, what starts life as a preventive, regulatory measure can easily become a more punitive measure in its own right; as such it may be liable to challenge by those subject to it for failing to fulfil its primary purpose and for straying across a line between the civil and criminal aspects of intervention.     

对《女职工劳动保护规定》的修改建议

1988年的《女职工劳动保护规定》是符合当时历史条件的,但从目前现实情况看,其适用主体、原则、范围、具体内容、法律救济途径、法律责任等规定都需要重新审视,应当进行全面修改。     

网络中的知识产权保护

本文以分析网络著作权保护的司法态势为切入口 ,从研究中国知识产权保护的现状出发 ,在论证“邻接权吞并著作权”倾向的基点上 ,探讨了我国现行著作权法对网络知识产权保护的局限 ,最后通过对美国及我国香港知识产权保护的比较研究 ,提出我国网络知识产权保护的意见及建议。     

三角互动:欧盟就业、社保与教育发展的新趋势

根据最新资料,2000年与1998年相比,欧盟劳动就业状况和政策中最大的变化是教育发展-信息社会-高科技、高教育产业的重要意义明显提升.1999年欧盟社会保障政策关注人本理念,立足于采取积极措施促进主动就业,以提高个人生活质量和"被社会吸纳"的程度.上述双重变革使教育发展成为就业-社保-教育互动三角的主变项.人们逐渐认识到,在正在到来的知识社会中适度地拉动教育,可创造一种张力,以缓解就业和社保的压力,这也是实现劳动权和追求幸福生活权利的保证.     

The Future of the European “Social Model” in the Global Economy

This article examines the prospects for European welfare states in the context of globalization. It begins with a critical review of the globalization arguments. While there is some evidence that external constraints make life harder for policymakers seeking positive-sum outcomes, it is the combination of national debt and spending limits, plus domestic tax resistance, that really count in making expenditure-based social and employment policies more difficult in certain countries. In understanding the constraints and opportunities that will shape Europe's welfare future, globalization—crudely understood—is therefore much less influential than many suppose. While EMU has radically diminished national autonomy in exchange rate, monetary policy, and fiscal policy, there are also beneficial consequences for social policy and broader economic management. On the employment and social policy side, initiatives required to match greater flexibility with sustained security are now at the top of the EU agenda, and mechanisms for diffusing best practice across Europe are being put in place. Within this framework, European welfare states must place more emphasis on dynamic equality, being primarily attentive to the worst off, more hospitable to incentive-generating differentiation, and actively vigilant with regard to the openness of opportunity structures.     

An Evaluation of the Use of Videotaped Evidence for Juvenile Witnesses in Criminal Courts in England and Wales

For the first time, the UK Criminal Justice Act (1991) allowed the videotaped evidence of a child to be substituted for the child's evidence-in-chief in a criminal court. The present study is an evaluation of that legislation. One hundred and fifty children were observed testifying in a criminal court in the UK. The use of the videotaped evidence and subsequent cross-examination of the child witness (usually via the closed circuit television system) was also observed. The data base from the Lord Chancellor's Department of all trials involving child witnesses in England and Wales was also analysed. The results showed that the introduction of the video technology into the criminal courts reduced the levels of stress of child witnesses but did not increase the conviction rates.     

影响青少年心理行为问题的社会环境和家庭因素探析

青少年的心理行为问题一直困扰着教师和家长,对个体、家庭乃至社会造成负面影响.通过对社会环境和家庭因素分析,青少年心理行为问题有其产生的必然性.青少年的违法行为大部分在外界环境的诱惑下产生,带有明显的情绪色彩和盲目性,只有从感化他们的内心,措施得当,并为青少年营造一个良好的社会环境,学校、家庭和个人积极合作,才能预防青少年心理行为问题的发生.     

投资基金持有人派生诉讼制度比较法研究

投资基金组织一体化程度弱，基金持有人权益易受侵害。本文尝试将公司法中的股东派生诉讼制度移植到投资基金领域，构建投资基金持有人派生诉讼制度，为保护基金投资者合法权益另辟一条蹊径。美国特拉华州于1998年率先在企业信托中创建了派生诉讼制度，契约型投资基金就是企业信托的主要组织形式。从比较法角度出发，借鉴关国特拉华州立法先例，同时辩证借鉴公司股东派生诉讼制度的立法经验，将有利于构建符合我国国情的投资基金持有人派生诉讼制度。