刑事被害人权利保护论纲

刑事诉讼中的人权保护不仅包括犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权保护,还包括遭受犯罪行为直接侵害的被害人的人权保护。我国当前立法对刑事被害人的人权保护有极大不足,造成了与被告人人权保护的失衡,因此,必须加强对刑事被害人的人权保护。其内容应包括赋予被害人在公诉案件中享有上诉权,建立犯罪被害人国家补偿制度,完善被害人诉讼代理制度,将精神损害列入犯罪损害赔偿的范围。     

Perceived Social Environment and Adolescents’ Well-Being and Adjustment: Comparing a Foster Care Sample With a Matched Sample

Previous research has demonstrated that former foster care youth are at risk for poor outcomes (e.g., more problem behaviors, more depression, lower self-esteem, and poor social relationships). It is not clear, however, whether these findings reflect preemancipation developmental deficits. This study used 163 preemancipation foster care youth and a matched sample of 163 comparison youth. Results showed that foster-care youth did not differ from the comparison sample on measures of well-being, including depressed mood, problem behavior, and self-esteem. Foster care youth reported higher levels of work orientation, but lower levels of academic achievement, aspirations, and expectations. In addition, compared to the matched sample, foster care youth perceived better social environments with respect to their important nonparental adults (VIPs) and peers, but poorer social environments relating to their parents. These differences in social environments may have offset each other and resulted in similar levels of psychological well-being for the two groups of youth. Regression analyses further showed that social environments were linked to selected adolescent outcomes, and nonparental VIPs were especially important for the foster care sample.Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine. Current interests: Cross-cultural study of adolescent well-being, at-risk youth.Received PhD in clinical psychology from Radcliffe College, Harvard University. Current interests: Role of culture, family, peers, and nonparental adults in adolescent developmentReceived PhD in developmental psychology from University of Michigan. Current interests: Cross-cultural human development; neural bases of language and mathematical learningReceived PhD in developmental psychology from University of Strathclyde. Current interests: Life-span development, motivation and developmental regulation, control and health     

高校科研档案法制化管理探析

<中华人民共和国档案法>的颁布,使档案事业的发展有了法律依据和保障,标志着我国档案事业进入了法制建设轨道.但是在档案法制建设的初级阶段,某些领域还存在盲区,诸如高校科研档案中科研成果、知识产权、技术转让等的利用问题.对此,应进一步强化科研档案管理,完善档案借阅制度;加大执法监督力度;增强知识产权保护意识.     

我国少数民族文化权利保障立法及其完善

我国政府历来重视少数民族人权,特别是少数民族文化权利的实现问题.在中央立法层面,从《宪法》、《民族区域自治法》及其若干规定到《文物保护法》,都涉及对少数民族文化权利的保障;在地方立法层面,云南、贵州、福建等省份都有相关的地方性立法对此进行过有益的探索.少数民族文化权利的立法完善主要包括《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》在国内的适用、《非物质文化遗产保护法》以及《少数民族文化权利保障法》的制定.     

论我国网络隐私权法律制度的完善

网络隐私权是隐私权在网络及网络环境中的延伸。随着计算机和网络技术的迅猛发展,对网络隐私权的侵犯已成为突出的社会问题。为了更好地加强对网络空间隐私权的保护,应在借鉴国际范围内隐私权保护模式的基础上,确立隐私权为独立人格权的法律地位,并制定专门的网络隐私权法律制度,以构建我国完善的网络隐私权法律制度。     

Female victims of child sexual abuse: Adult adjustment

A questionnaire administered to a University sample of 245 female victims of sexual child abuse and 750 nonvictims attempted to determine whether abuse is related to poor adult social and psychological adjustment. The instrument consisted of three outcome measures of adjustment, variables directly related to abuse, perceived satisfaction with early family life, and demographic data. Only one of the outcome measures — the Texas Social Behavior Inventory — yielded a statistically significant difference between the samples. There was a steady, significant and progressive increase in maladjustment between the nonabused, the nonincestuously abused and the incest victims. When controls were applied for levels of satisfaction with early family life, differences between the abused and nonabused samples disappeared. Those abused as children who reported good treatment by parents exhibited no ill effects as adults on the TSBI.     

确认环境知情权的可能性、必要性和可行性分析

环境保护的组织方式和人身保护的特点决定了,公众获得越多的环境信息就越有利于实现环境保护的目的。而我国现行环境法律缺少环境信息公开的规定。随着我国国民经济和环境法律的发展,公众对于环境危害的认知水平和保护自我与公共环境的权利意识大大增强,公众的环境意识已逐渐成熟,因而在相关环境立法和公众参与机制长足发展的基础上,应尽快制订关于环境知情权的法律规范。     

关于沉默权制度建立的法律探讨

沉默权是指在刑事诉讼中 ,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人享有不自证其罪 ,可以对司法人员的讯问保持沉默的权利。世界上很多国家在刑事诉讼立法上都规定了沉默权。采用沉默权制度有利于保障人权。随着我国《宪法》的修正 ,将国家尊重和保障人权写入宪法 ,我国的刑事诉讼法也应该相应引进沉默权制度 ,建立适合中国国情的有中国特色的沉默权制度     

创造环保型企业价值初探

随着人们生活质量的提高 ,无论是员工对企业的生产环境和工作环境的要求 ,还是消费者对产品环保性能的追求都会更严格、更高。企业要想长久处于不败之地 ,就不能把竞争的手段仅仅体现在价格、营销、技术等传统领域内 ,防止污染、保护环境、采用新能源、新材料将为企业提供新的竞争手段 ,带来新的竞争优势 ,而创造环保型企业价值将是获得可持续发展和有效竞争优势的最好方法     

论我国新闻自由的法律保障——发展权视角的思考

新闻自由及其法律保障问题,历来是我国学术界争论的一个热点。新闻自由既是言论、出版自由在新闻活动中的体现,又与言论、出版自由存在概念上的细小差别。在我国,新闻自由作为公民的一项独立权利,包含了两项最基本的内容,即公民的表达权和知情权。本文通过对我国现行宪法及相关法律进行实证分析,探讨了新闻自由法定化的必然性及其实现路径,并论证了对新闻机构和新闻工作者的采访权、报道权、评论权、批评权和传播权等基本权利进行法律保障和制约的具体方式。