论葡萄牙征收中的私权保护制度

在葡萄牙,行政部门的征收行为受《征收法典》的统一规制。其征收制度遵循法定、正义、平等、适度、平等、公正及诚实信用原则,追求公共利益与个人利益之间的平衡,较为充分地体现了对被征收人的私权保护,对完善我国征收制度具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Post-termination use of licensed intellectual property by licensees

Legal and practical context: The ongoing dispute between Nokia and Qualcomm exemplifies thecomplex issues that arise when the licensor–licensee relationshipbreaks down. It illustrates that any means by which a licenseecan secure rights to use licensed IP after termination of alicence agreement can be of great commercial importance, notto mention significant economic value. If a licensee can continueto use licensed IP notwithstanding that its agreement has beenterminated, a licensor's ability to control and derive maximumeconomic benefit from its IP may be fundamentally compromised. Key points: The means available to licensees to secure such rights varydepending on the kind of IP right licensed, but there are severalcommon themes, which draw on a diverse range of legal rulesand concepts, including specific IP concepts and laws (includingthe rules relating to assignment and licensing, the exhaustionof rights, revocation and invalidation, and defences to infringementclaims), contract law and competition law. This article discussespractical implications to be considered when drafting IP licenceagreements. Conclusions: From a licensee's perspective, the termination of its licenceagreement is not necessarily the end of the road. Licenseesshould be aware of these post-termination rights when expectingto face difficult renegotiations with a licensor. From bothparties' perspectives, but particularly that of licensor, thisarticle should demonstrate the importance of drafting to avoidany uncertainty that may arise on the termination of a licenceagreement.     

试论我国驰名商标的域外保护

在民族经济与国际经济日渐一体化的现代商品经济社会中,我国驰名商标如何在世界经济中求得生存,免遭不法侵害,是我国政府、企业和法学界必须高度重视并应着力解决的一个现实问题。增强企业域外商标注册意识,及时进行商标确权,依法申请撤销外商的抢先注册,寻求政府支持,谨慎适用相关国家(地区)的法律,是我国驰名商标域外保护的基本思路。     

论儿童作证的价值冲突与选择

就儿童作证而言,一方面诉讼之恶可能会严重侵害儿童的人权;另一方面,探求真实与诉讼公正要求证人必须出庭作证。法律应当在多种价值冲突中选择,达到诉讼价值的最佳平衡,实现诉讼价值的最大化。儿童作证应有特殊的作证、质证方式,有获得特殊保护的权利。     

新时期发展桂林民族文化的若干思考

桂林市民族文化工作已取得了较大的成效。但在民族文化的保护、利用和开发方面还存在一些问题,应针对有关问题,从提高发展认识,完善文化机构设施,抢救文化遗产,加强人才培养,鼓励艺术创作,促进文化活动开展和文化旅游等方面创新模式,使民族文化活动直接产生经济效益,增强民族文化的可持续发展。     

我国劳动改造的现状分析

劳动改造是我国主要的刑罚执行方式,现阶段还存在着劳动改造的作用被放大、罪犯的权利易受侵犯、劳动改造忽视目的性等问题。为完善此刑罚执行方式,应落实罪犯有偿劳动制度,建立合理的罪犯劳动成果分配和管理体系,尊重和保障罪犯的人权,注重刑罚执行的教育感化功能,逐渐建立一定程度的开放的罪犯劳动场所。     

Now you see it,now you don’t: digital images and the meaning of ‹possession’

The advent of digital technology has had a profound impact on the production and distribution of child pornography. The international trade in such material is a major focus of law enforcement agencies around the world. Central to these efforts is the offence of ‹possession.’ However, concepts of possession in the criminal law evolved in the context of tangible items such as drugs, and their application to intangible data presents significant challenges. Drawing upon the laws of Australia, Canada, England and the United States, this article analyses the concept of criminal possession in a digital context. While courts and legislatures are adapting to these new challenges, in some cases it is argued that the offence of possession is being stretched too far. It is suggested that some of these difficulties may be avoided by utilising an offence of ‹accessing’ child pornography. Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, Monash University. I am grateful to Dr. Dale Smith for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article.     

A COMMENT ON WILLIAM J. HOWE AND HUGH MCISAAC'S ARTICLE “FINDING THE BALANCE” PUBLISHED IN THE JANUARY 2008 ISSUE OF FAMILY COURT REVIEW

This article is a response to an article written by William Howe and Hugh McIsaac that questions their recommendations that court‐based mediation not be used when certain types of persons appear in court. We assert that it will be very difficult for the court to identify these people. Further, we argue that mediation practice has advanced so far that even these persons (those with serious issues of domestic violence, substance abuse, and mental health) should be given an opportunity to participate in mediation before being referred to the adversarial court process.     

日本非行少年的法律保护及启示

在日本,少年非行是指14岁以上20岁未满少年的犯罪行为、14岁未满少年的触法行为以及虞犯等三方面的总称,主要由《少年法》及《儿童福祉法》等法律予以规制。《少年法》以少年的人权保障和健康成长为目的、以保护主义的社会复归为理念,与《儿童福祉法》等共同构成非行少年的法律保护体系。家庭裁判所以少年事件为主要审理对象、以保护处分为主要处罚手段,与社会福祉性质的儿童相谈所共同担负起日本的少年保护事业。官民协动与社会参与制度是对我们的最大的启示,我国要进一步加强少年保护理念的转变,完善我国的少年保护体制,将其建设成为全民参与的社会事业。     

我国气象服务产品的产权界定与法律保护

清晰界定气象服务产品的法律属性和合理配置相关主体的权利,对于突破气象服务发展瓶颈极具现实意义。在对气象服务产品的保护诉求无法进入既有知识产权体系的前提下,将其界定为智慧财产利益并给予相应保护,是较为适当且实际的做法。